ÓÄÊ 634.92:632.187.(571.55) Â. Ç. ÁÀÃÎÂÀ, Ë. Ì. ÔÀËÅÉ×ÈÊ ËÅÑÍÛÅ ÏÎÆÀÐÛ
anthropogenic areas autumn balance cipr composition coniferous decades discussed dry favored fires forest forests greatest high light mail moisture negative occurrence reasons root season species spring stress taiga traceable winds
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ÓÄÊ 634.92:632.187.(571.55) Â. Ç. ÁÀÃÎÂÀ, Ë. Ì. ÔÀËÅÉ×ÈÊ ËÅÑÍÛÅ ÏÎÆÀÐÛ Â ÁÀÑÑÅÉÍÅ ÐÅÊÈ ÕÈËÎÊ Îáñóæäàþòñÿ ïðè÷èíû âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ ïîæàðîâ çà ïîñëåäíèå äâàäöàòü ëåò. Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ ïîæàðîâ ñïîñîáñòâóþò ïîðîäíûé ñîñòàâ ëåñîâ (ñóõàÿ ñâåòëîõâîéíàÿ òàéãà), ñèëüíûå âåòðû è îòðèöàòåëüíûé áàëàíñ âëàãè â âåñåííå-îñåííèé ïåðèîä. Îò÷åòëèâî ïðîñëåæèâàåòñÿ ïðèóðî÷åííîñòü ïîæàðîâ ê ìåñòàì ñ íàèáîëüøåé àíòðîïîãåííîé íàãðóçêîé. The reasons behind forest fires for the last two decades are discussed. The occurrence of forest fires is favored by the species composition of forests (dry light-coniferous taiga), high winds, and negative moisture balance in the spring-autumn season. Forest fires are clearly traceable across areas with the greatest anthropogenic stress. Áàññåéí ð. Õèëîê, îäíîãî èç êðóïíåéøèõ ïðèòîêîâ Ñåëåíãè, íàõîäèòñÿ â áóôåðíîé çîíå Áàéêàëüñêîé ïðèðîäíîé òåððèòîðèè ïåðèôåðèè Ó÷àñòêà ìèðîâîãî íàñëåäèÿ, ãëàâíàÿ ôóíêöèÿ êîòîðîé ñîõðàíåíèå ýêîñèñòåìû îç. Áàéêàë. Âàæíåéøóþ ðîëü â ýòîì èãðàþò ëåñà, ïîêðûâàþùèå îêîëî 70 % ïëîùàäè áàññåéíà (â ãðàíèöàõ ×èòèíñêîé îáëàñòè 27 òûñ. êì2). Ëåñà ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé òåððèòîðèè ãîðíûå, ñ ðåçêî âûðàæåííîé âåðòèêàëüíîé ïîÿñíîñòüþ, âëèÿþùåé íà ñîñòàâ è äðóãèå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ëåñíûõ íàñàæäåíèé. Ãîñïîäñòâóþùèé òèï ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè ñâåòëîõâîéíàÿ òàéãà, ïðåäñòàâëåííàÿ ðàçíîîáðàçíûìè òèïàìè ÷èñòûõ ëèñòâåííè÷íèêîâ, ëèñòâåííè÷íèêîâ ñ ïðèìåñÿìè ñîñíû, áåðåçû, îñèíû, à òàêæå ÷èñòûìè è ñìåøàííûìè ñîñíÿêàìè. Òåìíîõâîéíàÿ òàéãà çàíèìàåò íåçíà÷èòåëüíûå àðåàëû ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî íà ïðèâîäîðàçäåëüíûõ ïîâåðõíîñòÿõ õðåáòîâ Ìàëõàíñêîãî è ßáëîíîâîãî è ïðåäñòàâëåíà ÷èñòûìè êåäðà÷àìè, ëèñòâåííè÷íîêåäðîâûìè è åëîâî-êåäðîâî-ïèõòîâûìè ëåñàìè. Ïîä âëèÿíèåì ïðÿìîãî è êîñâåííîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ ÷åëîâåêà íà ëåñíûå ýêîñèñòåìû ëåñîïîêðûòàÿ ïëîùàäü ñîêðàùàåòñÿ, îáåäíÿåòñÿ âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè, ÷òî â ñâîþ î÷åðåäü ïðèâîäèò ê ðàçðûâó ýâîëþöèîííî ñëîæèâøèõñÿ ïèùåâûõ ñåòåé, äåñòàáèëèçàöèè ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû èç- © 2006 Áàãîâà Â. Ç., Ôàëåé÷èê Ë. Ì. (e-mail: root@cipr.chita.ru) Ключевые слова: forest, fires, reasons, decades, discussed, occurrence, favored, species, composition, forests, dry, light, coniferous, taiga, high, winds, negative, moisture, balance, spring, autumn, season, traceable, areas, greatest, anthropogenic, stress, mail, root, cipr