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"Volume S e c o n d E d i t i o n Rob Nagel, Editor Staff Elizabeth Shaw Grunow U•X•L Editor Julie Carnagie Contributing Editor Carol DeKane Nagel U•X•L Managing Editor Thomas L. Romig U•X•L Publisher Shalice Shah-Caldwell Permissions Associate (Pictures) Robyn Young Imaging and Multimedia Content Editor Rita Wimberley Senior Buyer Pamela A. E. Galbreath Senior Art Designer Michelle Cadore Indexing GGS Information Services Typesetting On the front cover: Nikola Tesla with one of his generators, reproduced by permission of the Granger Collection. On the back cover: The flow of red blood cells through blood vessels, reproduced by permission of Phototake. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data U-X-L encyclopedia of science 2nd ed Rob Nagel editor p cm Includes bibliographical references and indexes Contents v1 A-As - v2 At-Car - v3 Cat-Cy - v4 D-Em - v5 En-G - v6 H-Mar - v7 Mas-O - v8 P-Ra - v9 Re-St - v10 Su-Z Summary Includes 600 topics in the life earth and physical sciences as well as in engineering technology math environmental science and psychology ISBN 0-7876-5432-9 (set : acid-free paper) - ISBN 0-7876-5433-7 (v1 : acid-free paper) - ISBN 0-7876-5434-5 (v2 : acid-free paper) - ISBN 0-7876-5435-3 (v3 : acid-free paper) - ISBN 0-7876-5436-1 (v4 : acid-free paper) - ISBN 0-7876-5437-X (v5 : acid-free paper) - ISBN 0-7876-5438-8 (v6 : acid-free paper) - ISBN 0-7876-5439-6 (v7 : acid-free paper) - ISBN 0-7876-5440-X (v8 : acid-free paper) - ISBN 0-7876-5441-8 (v9 : acid-free paper) - ISBN 0-7876-5775-1 (v10 : acid-free paper) 1 Science-Encyclopedias Juvenile 2 Technology-Encyclopedias Juvenile _1 Science-Encyclopedias 2 Technology-Encyclopedias I Title UXL encyclopedia of science II Nagel Rob Q121 U18 2001 503 dc21 2001035562 This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws as well as by misappropriation trade secret unfair competition and other applicable laws The editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following unique and original selection coordination expression arrangement and classification of the information All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended Copyright (c) 2002 U•X•L an imprint of The Gale Group All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Ключевые слова: galapagos islands, liquid, intestinal tract, function, national oceanic, specie, oberlin college, radiation, problem, electrically charged, gastric juice, vast platelike, change, simian jackal, work, day, percival lowell, water, fennec fox, minerals minerals, gas, stellar dynamo, compound, force, pectoral girdle, typhoid fever, light, permission, hydrogen, thermal plume, electron, pontiac fever, earth, place, nucleus, chlorinated dioxin, f c, condition, tyrannosaurus rex, chemical, thermal inversion, material, field, oxygen, mass, colloidal dispersion, rocky mountains, special exemption, electromagnetic induction, ectotherm cold-blooded, polychlorinated biphenyls, ill, national aeronautics, cell, mental retardation, matter, pia mater, food, common, deciduous plants, term, area, large, golden jackal, silent conflict, scientist, nias, heat, ursa major, hexachlorophene, red-cockaded woodpecker, nuclear, atmosphere, rock, human, einthoven, lamarckism giraffe, nia, roman numeral, current, haptic enhancement, space, mile, star, year, electrical, mount kilimanjaro, product, blood, vena cava, plant, vestal virgin, national institutes, unit, apnea cessation, annual shift, life, pancreatic duct, layer, jlm visuals, disorder, pelvic girdle, anal fin, paul butler, umbilical cord, result, theory, upright posture, particle, declined, nobel prize, atom, aqueous humor, potato blight, bi, time, metal, space-time continuum, air, method, thale cress, pressure, type, small, highly contagious, monthly shedding, energy, reproduced, people, orion nebula, entamoeba histolytica, produce, organism, planet, object, electric, parasites parasites, vice versa, brain, vhs videotape, indian subcontinent, ph le, explosives explosives, nio, daddy longlegs, roman goddess, body, reaction, wave, permanent disability, include, u•x•l, substance, sojourner rover, catalytic convertor, point, corpus callosum, united, surface, cleft palate, long, produced, mount everest, process, flow, person, disease, carbon, spinal cord, study, kilometer, big bang, initial enthusiasm, group, structure, pi, high, statistics statistics, animal, acid, artificial sweetener, grand mal, mount mckinley, endoplasmic reticulum, di, number, century, natural, entire expanse, temperature, law, olfactory epithelium, ural mountains, sun, photo researchers, rapid pace, nobel prizes, form, ha, materia medica, molecule, reproduced permission, wa, atmospheric optical, element, archive photos, percent, case, zona pellucida, occurs, ocean, level