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_Journal of Structural Geology 32 (2010) 394–406_ _Contents lists available at ScienceDirect_ _Journal of Structural Geology_ _journal homepage: www.elsevier.com locate jsg_ _Structural evolution of the Northern Cerberus Fossae graben system, Elysium Planitia, Mars_ _Joyce Vetterlein*, Gerald P. Roberts_ _The Research School of Earth Sciences at Birkbeck and University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK_ _article info_ _Article history: Received 25 September 2009 Accepted 6 November 2009 Available online 6 January 2010_ _Keywords: Mars Cerberus Fossae Graben Normal faulting MOLA Palaeo-tips_ _abstract_ _To determine whether the structural evolution of the Northern Cerberus Fossae (NCF) was dominated by cryospheric melting and collapse or fault-related subsidence, we used MOC, THEMIS and HiRISE images, and MOLA data to document spatial variations in vertical offset along strike. The Fossae are a series of fractures on the martian surface that cross-cut Noachian, Hesperian and, in places, very young Late Amazonian terrain. Serial cross sections across the fracture-related topography from MOLA data show that vertical offsets are not greater where fractures traverse older terrain, showing that offsets have accumulated since the formation of the Amazonian terrain. Vertical offsets are greater in the central portions of the fracture system with the profile resembling that for a single fault system. Topographic features that pre-date deformation are preserved on the graben floors suggesting little sediment infill, so MOLA elevation measurements constrain total vertical offsets since the fractures formed. Deficits in vertical offset occur where fractures have not linked and remain en echelon across relay zones or have linked leaving palaeo-graben-tips. This indicates that the traces of the fractures propagate along strike at the surface and intersect over time periods that are likely to be in the range of 105–106 years rather than in a single collapse event. Deficits are also in places associated with collapse pits, suggesting such collapse is the early stage of graben subsidence at propagating lateral graben-tips._ _We use these observations to argue that the primary mechanism causing subsidence is not cryospheric melting and collapse but faulting._ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Introduction_ _Cerberus Fossae are a series of fractures and depressions that cross-cut one of the youngest surfaces on Mars (Fig. 1a). Debate exists concerning their mode of formation. It has been suggested that cryospheric melting and collapse associated with dike intrusion beneath the Southern Cerberus Fossae dominated local subsidence (Head et al., 2003). In this scenario, melting around a dike resulted in the emergence of large volumes of meltwater onto the martian surface, cutting the Athabasca Valles outflow channel in the last few percent of martian history (Burr et al., 2002; Berman and Hartmann, 2002; Head et al., 2003; Plescia, 2003; Keszthelyi et al., 2007). The volume of meltwater and the extent of subsidence have been linked in that the collapsed depression along the dike is thought to have filled with meltwater before overspilling to form the Athabasca Valles outflow channel (Keszthelyi et al., 2007). This implies that the subsidence occurred_ _1. Ключевые слова: youngest surface, dike, terrestrial, throw proles, mm, martian, mola, image, offset, data, amazonian, hirise image, moc, graben, graben oors, wall, doi, topographic, mola data, displacement decits, pro?le, themis mosaic, rate, vetterlein roberts, hesperian, head, noachian, melting collapse, vertical offset, individual, time period, tips, strike, surface, evolution, melting, en-echelon, cerberus fossae, terrain, throw, lava, coseismic throw, burr, hartmann, cartwright, mosaic, struct, earthquake, palaeo, map, collapse pit, study, elysium, length, planetary, event, age, anders mcleod, fault-related subsidence, graben wall, throw decits, throwlength relationship, dawers, geol, structure, north, earth, dike emplacement, south, faulting history, pit, structural, ncf, roberts journal, surface trace, mola footprint, palaeo-tips, topography, single fault, geology, normal, sediment inll, throw length, geophys, subsidence, double graben, linkage, range, feature, mars, collapse, volume, northern cerberus, displacement decit, displacement, south wall, central portion, struct geol, martian history, breaching, early stage, cryospheric melting, symmetrically distributed, graben formation, schultz, graben developed, longitude, mola traverse, ?oor, located, individual graben, oors, wa, northern, normal fault, inherent uncertainty, keszthelyi, footprint, deformation rate, north south, result, fossae, amazonian rock, observed subsidence, ha, dike-induced faulting, moc image, crater, vertical, formation, location, offset surface, crater counting, bi, elevation, map view, segment linkage, noachian inliers, subsidence occurred, pre-existing topography, vertical relief, de?cits, vetterlein, graben oor, detailed geometry, journal structural, late, growth, fault activity, pit chain, nature, elysium planitia, plescia, neighbouring fault, northern cerberus fossae, ferrrill, ma, icarus, point, diameter footprint, tanaka, cerberus, rubin, lohr, maximum throw, palaeo tips, faulting, early, themis image, form, formed, lett, structural geology, throwlength ratio, elsevier, year, mans?eld, pro?les, graben subsidence, dike intrusion, time, topographic proles, moc themis, fault, journal, fault growth, north wall, roberts, cratered surface, themis, surface expression, throw prole, mege, geometry, mcewen