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"biology", "Editorial Board Editor in Chief Richard Robinson rrobinson@nasw.org Tucson, Arizona Advisory Editors Peter Bruns Howard Hughes Medical Institute Rex Chisholm Northwestern University Medical School Mark A. Davis Department of Biology Macalester College Thomas A. Frost Trout Lake Station University of Wisconsin Kenneth S. Saladin Department of Biology Georgia College and State University Editorial Reviewer Ricki Lewis State University of New York at Albany Students from the following schools participated as consultants: Pocatello High School, Pocatello, Idaho Eric Rude Teacher Swiftwater High School, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania Howard Piltz Teacher Douglas Middle School Box Elder, South Dakota Kelly Lane Teacher Medford Area Middle School Medford, Wisconsin Jeanine Staab Teacher Editorial and Production Staff Linda Hubbard Editorial Director Diane Sawinski Christine Slovey Senior Editors Shawn Beall Bernard Grunow Michelle Harper Kate Millson Carol Nagel Contributing Editors Kristin May Nicole Watkins Editorial Interns Michelle DiMercurio Senior Art Director Rhonda Williams Buyer Robyn V. Young Senior Image Editor Julie Juengling Lori Hines Permissions Assistants Deanna Raso Photo Researcher Macmillan Reference USA Elly Dickason Publisher Hlne G. Potter Editor "biology" Volume A-D Richard Robinson, Editor in Chief Copyright (c) 2002 by Macmillan Reference USA All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher. Macmillan Reference USA Gale Group 300 Park Avenue South 27500 Drake Rd New York NY 10010 Farmington Hills 48331-3535 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Library of Congress Catalog-in-Publication Data Biology Richard Robinson, editor in chief. p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-02-86551-6 (set hardcover) - ISBN 0-02-865552-4 (vol 1) - ISBN 0-02-865556-7 (vol 2) - ISBN 0-02-865554-0 (vol 3) - ISBN 0-02-865555-9 (vol 4) 1 Biology I Robinson Richard 1956 QH072B556 2001 570 dc21 2001040211 Ключевые слова: functional maturity, bone, frontal parietal, college, cancer, evolution, gene, material, surface, intrinsic pathway, press, factor, intestinal genital, san diego, medical school, behavior, ecology, bacteria, gray matter, twentieth century, fossil record, desert, bibliography, time, strand, willow ptarmigan, protein, anne cheryl, sum total, funke christine, gastric juice, water, longitudinal fissure, group, kraig adler, infectious diseases, wa, reaction, life, continental drift, narrow limit, clinical trials, environment, university, tissue, ha, produce, structure, pyloric sphincter, histone acetylation, disease, calvin-benson cycle, filament, o o, nucleic acid, nobel prize, nh hc, central sulcus, specie, cokendolpherjlm visuals, genetic, transcription, sequence, cerebral hemisphere, organic matter, amino, corpus callosum, medical, rna, chromosome, photo, philadelphia, national institutes, rett syndrome, process, vagus nerve, include, agricultural operation, science, complex, development, karyon meaning, form, health, hormone, oxygencarrying capacity, enzyme, change, genome, dna, york, huether pathophysiology, molecule, cranial nerve, including, naturally competent, sugar, individual, substantia nigra, temporal lobe, cell wall, smaller parcel, white matter, abdominal cavity, dental school, molecular motor, nerve cord, common, corbis, community, heart, frontal lobe, biology, small, membrane, nondominant hemisphere, long, test kit, central axis, region, density test, nucleus, food, normal flora, horizontal transmission, alcohol, family, systemic circuit, year, number, diabetes mellitus, jacobsjlm visuals, cell, western coast, occipital lobe, acid, function, agricultural runoff, area, plants, vessel, gastrointestinal tract, chemical, tight junction, activity, organ, lateral fissure, level, control, work, medicine, blood, pharyngeal slit, living, carbon, john, kaye histology, intraspecific competition, kentjlm visuals, human, d-amino acid, brain, national park, san francisco, bacterial, case, global warming, robert, organism, natural, antibody, history, isbn, animal, mold smut, gray crescent, positively charged, photograph, jointed appendage, type, growth, fatty acid, intermediate-sized beak, algae, egg, small incision, diseases, bird, evolutionary perspective, plant, scientific american, immune, spinal cord, natural disaster, cranial vault, local impact, composed, binary fission, war, nuclear localization, axonemal dynein, population, fish, parietal lobe, twenty-first century, amino acid, biological, exclusively marine, glucose, virus, darwin charles, cycle, body, soil, building block, large, wall, transposable element, lac operon