Description:

_'BarCharts, Inc.®', 'WORLD’S 1 ACADEMIC OUTLINE', 'Agate Calcite Galena Gypsum 2 Pyrite Quartz (Rose)', 'Biotite Mica Fluorite Gypsum 1 Muscovite Mica Quartz Sulfur (Native)', 'A PICTORIAL GUIDE TO MINERALOGY', 'METALLIC LUSTER', 'Mineral', 'Bornite Chalcopyrite Chromite Galena Goethite Graphite Hematite Limonite Magnetite Marcasite Native Copper Pyrite Sphalerite', 'Hardness Streak Color', '3.0 3.5-4 5.5 2.5 5-5.5 1.0 5-6.5 5-5.5 6.0 6-6.5 2.5-3 6-6.5 3.5-4', 'black gray dark gray brown gray brown yellow dark gray reddish brown yellow dark gray dark gray copper dark gray white yellow', 'Specific Other Properties Gravity', '5.1 4.2 4.7 7.5 4.3 2.2 4.9-5.2 4.2 5.2 4.9 8.9 5.0 4.0', 'red, purple, iridescent, brittle, soft yellow, brittle, conchoidal fracture silver, black, weakly magnetic silver, cubic cleavage brown to black black, greasy, writes silver, reddish, no cleavage brown amorphous black, magnetic yellow gold, brittle, no cleavage copper, brown, malleable fool’s gold, cubic crystals brown, dodecahedral cleavage transparent', 'NON-METALLIC LUSTER', 'Mineral', 'Hardness Streak Color', 'Specific Luster Gravity', 'Other Properties', 'Agate (Quartz) 7', 'Apatite 5', 'Augite 5.5', 'Azurite 3.5-4', 'Barite 3', 'Biotite Mica 2.5-3', 'Calcite 3', 'Chalcedony (Quartz) 7', 'Chert (Quartz) 7', 'Chlorite 2', 'Chrysocolla 2-4', 'Corundum 9', 'Diamond 10', 'Dolomite 3.5-4', 'Epidote Flint (Quartz) Fluorite Garnet Glauconite Gypsum Halite Hematite Hornblende Jasper (Quartz) Kaolinite Limonite', '6-7 7 4 7 2.2 2 2.5 1.5-5.5 5.5 7 1-2 1.5-5.5', 'Malachite 3.5-4', 'Muscovite Mica 2-2.5', 'Native Sulfur 1.5-2.5', 'Olivine 7', 'Opal 6', 'Plagioclase Feldspar Potassium Feldspar Quartz 6 6 7', 'Serpentine 2-5', 'Talc 1', 'Topaz 8', 'Tourmaline 7-7.5', 'Turquoise 5-6', 'white white white light blue white gray-brown white white white light blue', '3.3-3.5 3.7 4.5 2.7-3.1 2.7 2.5-2.8 2.5-2.8 2.6-3.0 2.0-2.4', 'white 4.0 white 3.52 white 2.8 white 3.4 white 2.5-2.8 white 3.0-3.3 white 3.4-4.3 green 2.4-2.9 white 2.3 white 2.1-2.6 red brown 4.9-5.3 green 3.0-3.3 white 2.5-2.8 white 2.6 yellow brown 3.6-4.0 green white 3.9-4.0 2.7-3.0', 'white white white white white white white', '2.1 3.3 1.9-2.3 2.6-2.8 2.6 2.7 2.2-2.6', 'white 2.7 white 3.5 white 3.1 pale blue 2.7 vitreous varying banded colors no cleavage vitreous brown yellow green conchoidal fracture vitreous green 2 cleavage@90° earthy blue reacts w HCl vitreous crystals 3 cleavage not@90° pearly brown one cleavage vitreous colorless rhombohedral cleavage waxy white cryptocrystalline waxy gray cryptocrystalline vitreous green one cleavage vitreous blue amorphous conchoidal fracture adamantine brown red blue purple hard adamantine colorless hardest conchoidal fracture vitreous white gray pink rhombohedral cleavage vitreous green-yellow one cleavage waxy black cryptocrystalline vitreous violet blue octahedral cleavage vitreous dark red no cleavage greasy green marine origin silky colorless white one cleavage vitreous colorless cubic cleavage earthy red no cleavage vitreous green brown cleavage@600-1200 waxy red cryptocrystalline earthy white gray brown one cleavage vitreous yellow-brown amorphous', 'Sedimentary Rocks continued', 'D. Properties of Sedimentary Rocks 1. Texture a. Clastic: Made of transported sediments and deposition; observe particle size, shape of grain and how well-sorted b. Bioclastic: Remains of organic material c. Crystalline: Interlocking crystals of different sizes, considered dense if crystals are less than 1/4 mm d. Amorphous: Dense, having no crystal structure e. Oolitic: Made of oolites, small round particles made of calcium carbonate', '2. Composition: Possible matter found in sedimentary rocks a. Carbonate, test with HCl; examples: calcite and dolomite b. Silica; examples: quartz and chert c. Clay minerals; examples: kaolinite, silicate d. Organic matter; examples: plants, shells, bones e. Evaporites, minerals created from a solution; example: gypsum f. Rock particles; example: conglomerates g. Heavy Minerals; example: garnet h. Feldspar, known as arkosic', 'E. Sedimentary Structures 1. Stratification: Distinct layers (strata or bed) formed from moving and depositing sediments 2. Cross Bedding: Stratification at an angle 3. Graded Bedding: Each bed is comprised of sediments that increase in size as the depth of the bed increases (coarsest on bottom); common for deep marine environments 4. Surface Impressions: Impressions preserved in the bed a. Ripple Marks: Marks preserved from flow in one direction (asymmetrical) b. Oscillation Marks: Marks preserved from flow back and forth (symmetrical) c. Mud Cracks (Desiccation marks): Marks preserved from exposure to air d. Raindrop Impressions: Marks preserved from rain e. Trace Fossils: Marks preserved from the movement of animals', 'Poorly-Sorted Well-Sorted', 'Sedimentary Rock: Durango, CO Chert Coquina Dolomite Shale Sandstone Limestone Depth in kilometers Pressure in Kb', 'CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 1. Name a. Arkose b. Breccia c. Calcarenite d. Claystone e. Conglomerate f. Graywacke g. Lithic Quartz Shale h. Siltstone Texture (of sediments) i. coarse sand, angular pebble-sized j. angular sand size k. clay size l. pebble-sized, round m. sand and clay size n. sandstone o. sand size p. rounded clay and silt size q. silt size General Description r. feldspar and quartz present in matrix of cemented sand s. calcite present minerals not visible smooth in matrix of cemented sand t. quartz sand mixed with clay rock fragments u. quartz present v. claystone or siltstone that has layers w. minerals not visible earthy', 'CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 1. Name a. Chemical Limestone b. Chert c. Dolomite d. Ironstone e. Gypsum f. Rock Salt g. Travertine Texture (of sediments) h. visible crystals i. dense crystalline j. dense k. visible crystals l. visible crystals m. dense General Description n. has calcite will react w HCl conchoidal fracture powder will react w HCl iron present dark-colored gypsum present halite present salty will react w HCl, dark bands', 'ORGANIC (BIOCHEMICAL) SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 1. Name a. Bituminous b. Chalk c. Coquina d. Diatomite e. Peat f. Skeletal Limestone Texture (of sediments) g. coal h. bioclastic dense i. bioclastic j. bioclastic k. bioclastic l. bioclastic m. bioclastic General Description n. black like soot o. white will react w HCl cemented shells like chalk no HCl reaction p. plant material shells will react w HCl', 'METAMORPHIC ROCKS 1. Metamorphism: To change form within the Earth from existing rocks through heat, pressure and chemical activity not a result of weathering or sedimentation 2. Heat a. Most important agent b. Provides energy for chemical reactions c. Created from igneous rock bodies movement through the existing rock d. Created from geothermal gradient 25°C increase in temperature with each kilometer increase in depth e. For example, clay recrystallizes into feldspar and mica at high temperatures 3. Pressure and Stresses a. Confining pressure i. Equal pressure on all sides due to deep burial ii. Depth determines amount of pressure b. Directed Stress: Specific pressure to a rock not uniform such as in the form of a mountain i. Differential stress: Stresses in different directions, not equal ii. Compressive stress: Stress that causes the object to be squeezed iii. Shear stress: Stresses in opposite directions that cause the object to move parallel to the stress 4. Chemical Activity Change in atomic composition due to heat and or pressure may cause crystal to recrystallize Water is the most common chemical agent', 'Metamorphic Rocks continued 1. Types of Metamorphism a. Contact metamorphism: Changes caused by proximity to magma or deep, hot rock b. Regional metamorphism: Changes caused by intense stress and high temperatures c. Hydrothermal metamorphism: Changes caused by hot liquids d. Fault Zone metamorphism: Changes caused by fault movement', '2. Degrees of Metamorphism a. Metamorphic grade: Degree of metamorphism applied to rock i. High-grade: Very high amounts of heat and pressure; example: gneiss ii. Intermediate-grade: Medium amounts of heat and pressure; example: schist iii. Low-grade: Lower amounts of heat and pressure, more dense and compact; example: slate b. Metamorphic facies: Minerals present in metamorphic rock correlate to amount of heat and pressure i. Low pressure high temperature; hornfels facies ii. High pressure high temperature; granulite facies amphibolite facies greenschist facies iii. High pressure low temperature; blueschist facies eclogite facies', '3. Changes in Mineralogy: Changes in texture or composition of the mineral due to heat and pressure a. Recrystallization: Changed by smaller crystals joining to create larger crystals of the same mineral common b. Neomorphism: New minerals created from existing mineralogical compositions c. Metamorphism: New minerals created through gaining or losing chemicals', '4. Properties of Metamorphic Rocks a. Texture i. Foliated texture: Contains foliations, minerals brought into line or with one another; layers due to heat and pressure common for regional metamorphism type of foliation can identify rock ii. Slaty: Caused by low-grade metamorphism dense rock containing very fine-grained mica minerals separates in sheets texture of slate iii. Phyllitic: Caused by low-grade to intermediate-grade metamorphism rock containing very fine-grained mica and chlorite minerals that form in a wave-like manner glossy luster looks wrinkled texture of phyllite iv. Schistose:'_ Ключевые слова: sulfur, igneous, mica, properties, igneous rock, fracture, solution, rhyolite, red, schist, earthy, remaining magma, organic matter, water, create, gas, remain, weight, light, electron, metamorphism, earth, heat pressure, existing rock, low-grade, bed, chemical, material, streak, oxygen, mining, continental, clay, mm, limestone, dense, common, sediment, blue, mining ore, heat, atomic, green, rock, conchoidal, bare eye, visible, calcite, bioclastic, waxy, vitreous, white, series, conglomerate, fragment, brown, crystalline structure, rate, facies, matrix, dark gray, layer, caused, regional, created, regional metamorphism, result, cleavage, feldspar, metal, react, texture, yellow, silver, pressure, magma, black, volcanic, direction, powdered form, deep, mineral, object, luster, marine, bedding plane, formed, gray, reaction, basalt, iii, nonfoliated, rocks, dolomite, sand, biotite, weathering, atomic structure, gypsum, crystal, surface, white white, quartz, class, granite, metamorphic, flow, flat surface, gneiss, size, amorphous, barcharts, structure, dark, olivine, minerals, high, mineral created, create schist, temperature, identify, cooling, parallel, taste, potassium, equal volume, cleavage vitreous, bowen series, composition, amphibole, ii, formations, metamorphism regional, agent, granular, demand, guide, conchoidal fracture, form, ha, stress, element, sedimentary, hardness, clay mineral, muscovite, percent, hcl, resembles