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This page intentionally left blank Environmental Liability and Ecological Damage in European Law Monika Hinteregger (Editor) Cambridge University Press Cambridge New York Melbourne Madrid Cape Town Singapore São Paulo Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org ISBN-13 978-0-521-88997-1 eBook (EBL) hardback Preface Acknowledgments General editors’ preface Notes on the contributors Table of treaties Table of legislation List of abbreviations Part I Environmental liability in Europe 1 International and supranational systems of environmental liability in Europe Monika Hinteregger 2 Some observations on the law applicable to transfrontier environmental damage Willibald Posch Part II The case studies 3 The Questionnaire: Goal of the questionnaire Text of the questionnaire Scope of liable persons Case 1 Industrial plant Comparative remarks Discussions Austria Belgium England Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Netherlands Portugal Scotland Spain Sweden Case 2 Sudden incident Comparative remarks Discussions Austria Belgium England Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Netherlands Portugal Scotland Spain Sweden Case 3 Dangerous substances Comparative remarks Discussions Austria Belgium England Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy The Netherlands Portugal Scotland Spain Sweden Case 4 Genetically modified organisms Comparative remarks Discussions Austria Belgium England Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy The Netherlands Portugal Scotland Spain Sweden Case 5 Micro-organisms Comparative remarks Discussions Austria Belgium England Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy The Netherlands Portugal Scotland Spain Sweden Case 6 Waste disposal site Comparative remarks Discussions Austria Belgium England Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy The Netherlands Portugal Scotland Spain Sweden Contents: ix x xi xii xiii xiv xv xvi xvii xix xx xxii xxiv xxv xxvii lvi lv lx lix cxxi cxli cxlv cxlix clxxxclxxxix cxlxcxlxiv cxlviii cxlix ccccxci ccclxiv ccclxxv ccclxxxi ccclxxxv ccclxxxix cdcdxii cdcdxiv cdcdxvi cdcdxviii cdcdxxii cdcdxxiv cdcdxxvi cdcdxxviii cdcdxxxii cdcdxxxiv cdcdxxxvi cdcdxxxviii Index: Ireland (cont.) limitation period nuclear damage pure economic loss scope sudden accidents tort waste Ключевые слова: caused, convention, nuisance, pollution, claim, incidencia ambiental, obligaciones contratos, loss, merck sharpe, negotiorum gestio, van gerven, env, cuasicontratos delito, party, fact, bw, pluvio, nonuse values, washed ashore, danni allambiente, based, injury, iii, spielbu chler, lex damni, wagon mound, health, answer, akademie, secretara, entitled, operator, duty, scope, cura, lege ferenda, court, plaintiff, victim, apply, land, confronto milan, zaragoza estudios, code, royal decree-act, schro der, rule, lopez ostra, property, american journal, canary wharf, lord goff, established, nuclear installations, site, public authority, statute, germany, defendant, fisheries consolidation, natural use, compensation, algunas reflexiones, damage, environmental liability, esso petroleum, substance, genetic engineering, protection, action, seq, international, non-contractual obligations, proof, general, liable, hoge raad, trimarchi milan, locus damni, british celanese, miller steamship, strict, shorrock, water, recht voor, provision, other harm, nafplio nov, activity, usuarios consumers, private, authority, obligacion, audiencia, ireland, england, sanctie tegen, responsabilita civile, reporter, environmental damage, negligence, country, civil, volos nov, question, damage caused, recover, strict liability, regard, explanatory memorandum, regimen jurdico, environment, conseil detat, risques technologiques, long-term survival, claimant, cost, sue, llers, canoeing tour, relacions, european, contaminated, la, salzburg airport, freshwater fisheries, gestion, wa, jennings brothers, danno ambientale, doe, causation, por, dixon rettie, principle, result, universidad, ha, serres nov, esperienze giuridiche, plant, person, exoneratoires environnement, ssts, halsburys statutes, article, sweden, bgb, buffer zone, lord wilberforce, ipsa loquitur, inter alia, law, restoration, personal injury, actio popularis, van, dangerous, foreseeable claimant, standing, inland navigation, measure, precautionary principle, harm, originally inspired, nstigkeitsprinzip, lord westbury, specific, ch ch, responsabilite, verbintenissen uit, order, rescue services, farnworth, burgerlijk wetboek, favour principle, directive, oil, facultad, austria, chalkida elldni, torres feijo, tort, case, natural, economic, defence, common, waste, mauro bussani, astikos kodikas, respected, art, environmental, navigational aid, public, fatal accidents, pre-occupation, applies, liability, owner, nuclear, fault, ii, issue, van quickenborne, cory brothers, personal, matrise, secondarily, legal