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This page intentionally left blank Zooarchaeology, Second Edition This book serves as an introductory text for students interested in the identification and analysis of animal remains from archaeological sites. The emphasis is on animals whose remains inform us about the relationship between humans and their natural and social environments, especially site-formation processes, subsistence strategies, the processes of domestication, and paleoenvironments. Examining studies from all over the world, from the Pleistocene period up to the present, this volume is organized in a way that is parallel to a faunal study, beginning with background information, bias in a faunal assemblage, and basic zooarchaeological methods. A zooarchaeological hypothetical collection illustrates the fundamental methods for the collection of primary and secondary data applicable to zooarchaeology practice. This revised edition reflects developments in zooarchaeology that have occurred during the past decade. It includes new sections on enamel ultrastructure and incremental analysis, stable isotopes and trace elements, ancient genetics and enzymes, environmental reconstruction, people as agents of environmental change, applications of zooarchaeology in animal conservation and heritage management, and a discussion of issues pertaining to the curation of zooarchaeological materials. Elizabeth J. Reitz is Professor of Anthropology at the Georgia Museum of Natural History, University of Georgia. Her work is based on the identification and interpretation of animal remains from coastal archaeological sites, particularly in South America, the Caribbean, and the southeastern United States. She is the co-author and co-editor of several volumes as well as the author of more than 150 articles and book chapters. Elizabeth S. Wing is Curator Emeritus at the Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. The co-author of two books and author of many scholarly articles, she received the Fryxell Award from the Society for American Archaeology in 1996 for distinguished contributions to archaeology through interdisciplinary research. In 2006, Dr. Wing was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and received the President’s Medal from the University of Florida. Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology General Editor Graeme Barker, University of Cambridge Advisory Editors Elizabeth Slater, University of Liverpool Peter Bogucki, Princeton University Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology is a series of reference handbooks designed for an international audience of upper-level undergraduate and graduate students, and professional archaeologists and archaeological scientists in universities, museums, research laboratories, and field units. Each book includes a survey of current archaeological practice alongside essential reference material on contemporary techniques and methodology. Books in the series: Clive Orton, Paul Tyers, and Alian Vince, Pottery in Archaeology R. Lee Lyman, Vertebrate Taphonomy Peter G. Dorrell, Photography in Archaeology and Conservation 2nd Edition A. G. Brown, Alluvial Geoarchaeology Cheryl Claasen, Shells Clive Orton, Sampling in Archaeology Steve Roskams, Excavation Simon Hillson, Teeth, 2nd Edition William Andrefsky Jr., Lithics, 2nd Edition James Conolly and Mark Lake, Geographic Information Systems in Archaeology Andrew Chamberlain, Demography in Archaeology A. M. Pollard, C. M. Batt, B. Stern, and S. M. M. Young, Analytical Chemistry in Archaeology Zooarchaeology, Second Edition Elizabeth J. Reitz University of Georgia Elizabeth S. Wing Florida Museum of Natural History Cambridge University Press Cambridge New York Melbourne Madrid Cape Town Singapore São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building Cambridge CB2 8RU UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org 978-0-521-85726-0 © Elizabeth J. Reitz and Elizabeth S. Wing 2008 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2008 ISBN-13: 978-0-511-37699-3 ISBN-13: 978-0-521-85726-0 ISBN-13: 978-0-521-67393-8 eBook (EBL) hardback paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Dedicated to our families and colleagues in appreciation of their support and inspiration. Contents List of Figures List of Tables Preface to the Second Edition Acknowledgments 1. Zooarchaeology 2. Zooarchaeological History and Theory 3. Basic Biology 4. Ecology 5. Disposal of Faunal Remains and Sample Recovery 6. Gathering Primary Data 7. Secondary Data 8. Humans as Predators: Subsistence Strategies and Other Uses of Animals 9. Control of Animals Through Domestication 10. Evidence for Past Environmental Conditions 11. Conclusions Appendix 1: Taxonomic List Appendix 2: Anatomical Drawings Appendix 3: Reference Collections, Management of Archaeofaunal Collections, Publication and Curation Appendix 4: Hypothetical Collection Data Bibliography Systematic Index Topical Index Ключевые слова: london, texas press, augustine, chicago press, annual cycle, michigan press, france, sus scrofa, atlantic croaker, site, skeletal completeness, sexual dimorphism, mammal, seventeenth century, press, data, pharyngeal grinding, social standing, bony fish, reitz, dog, nineteenth century, faunal, archaeomalacology molluscs, archaeozoologia, life, food, meat, modern bandsaw, population, eds, amino acid, early, domestic animal, cadiz spain, journal, sample, smith, study, deer, medullary cavity, international council, sinauer associates, domestic fowl, stoplight parrotsh, atlantic coast, vertebrate, fully erupted, survivorship curve, prehistoric shing, secondary, great deal, wa, subsistence, nature, science, bibliography, wildlife conservation, journal archaeological science, skeletal weight, hypothetical, connective tissue, size, water, plankton feeder, journal archaeological, animal, context, mengoni gonalons, peabody museum, estimate, evidence, individual, fertile crescent, primary, archaeological science, bony plate, oxbow, body, poissons dulcaquicoles, tooth row, prehistoric, twenty-rst century, native amazonians, molly wing-berman, california publications, oxford oxbow, american antiquity, case, spp, big badlands, oxbow books, injury inicted, baleen plate, jones, pennsylvania museum, material, behavior ethnoarchaeological, specie, parasite load, based, gopher tortoise, weight, measurement, zooarchaeological, dimension, condition, mni, area, striation, adaptive strategy, ?sh, sea urchin, hypothetical collection, process, desert horticulturalists, archaeology, domestic, archaeofauna, environmental determinism, broader opaque, vice versa, uchiyama eds, york, characteristic, shell, cambridge, cranial suture, form, result, ?shes, change, heavily calcied, environmental, kind permission, ark arcidae, gross weight, pattern, shing strategy, analysis, nord, american, american museum, north, red drum, age, human, animal remains, social, element, van, ethnology bulletin, skeletal, history, heron ardeidae, boyrie moya, worldwide coverage, number, archaeological, collection, time, growth, relationship, people, resource, suspension feeder, adjacent bundle, primary secondary, books, domestication, cupboard festschrift, london springer, environment, occipital condyle, maine institute, method, antiquity, cultural, aristotles lantern, restes craniens, michigan museum, van neer, large, occlusal surface, zooarchaeology, white, plant, puerto rico, organic compound, table, ecology, parkington eds, neural arch, behavior, reference, oxford, arizona press, small, convert sunlight, upper paleolithic, specimen, bone, interpretation, london institute, ne-gauge screen, blue-points tributes, strategy, assemblage, university, bos taurus, society, wild, sectioned, community, calcareous plate, bird, wendy zomlefer, biological, twentieth century, drawings courtesy, archaeological site, remains, teeth, radiometric dating