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"Second Edition", "Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, Second Edition Volume 8: Birds I". Advisory Editor Jerome A. Jackson, Taxonomic Editor Walter J. Bock, Project Editor Donna Olendorf, Chief Scientific Illustrator Michael Hutchins, Series Editor in Association with the American Zoo and Aquarium Association. Project Editors: Deirdre Blanchfield, Madeline Harris, Christine Jeryan, Kristine M. Krapp, Kate Kretschmann, Melissa C. McDade, Mark Springer. Permissions: Kim Davis Imaging and Multimedia; Mary K. Grimes, Lezlie Light, Christine OBryan, Barbara Yarrow, Robyn V. Young. Product Design: Tracey Rowens, Jennifer Wahi. Manufacturing: Dorothy Maki, Evi Seoud, Mary Beth Trimper. Copyright © 2003 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group Inc., a division of Thomson Learning Inc. Gale and Design™ and Thomson Learning™ are trademarks used herein under license. For more information contact The Gale Group Inc., 27500 Drake Rd, Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 or visit http://www.gale.com. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher. For permissions submit requests via Web at http://www.gale-edit.com/permissions. Fax or mail to: The Gale Group Inc., Permissions Department, 27500 Drake Rd, Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535. Permissions hotline: 248-699-8074; 800-877-4253 ext. 8006. Fax: 248-699-8074 or 800-762-4058. Cover photo of great egret (Casmerodius albus) by M.H. Sharp, Photo Researchers Inc. Back cover photos of sea anemone by AP Wide World Photos University of Wisconsin-Superior; land snail, lionfish, golden frog and green python by JLM Visuals; red-legged locust © 2001 Susan Sam; hornbill by Margaret F. Kinnaird; tiger by Jeff Lepore Photo Researchers. All reproduced by permission. ISBN: 0-7876-5362-4 (vols. 1-17 set) 0-7876-6571-1 (vols. 8-11 set) 0-7876-5784-0 (vol. 8) 0-7876-5785-9 (vol. 9) 0-7876-5786-7 (vol. 10) 0-7876-5787-5 (vol. 11) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Grzimek, Bernhard. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Second edition vols. Includes bibliographical references. Contents: Volumes 1 Lower metazoans and lesser deuterosomes Neil Schlager, editor - Volumes 2 Protostomes Neil Schlager, editor - Volumes 3 Insects Neil Schlager, editor - Volumes 4-5 Fishes I-II Neil Schlager, editor - Volumes 6 Amphibians Neil Schlager, editor - Volumes 7 Reptiles Neil Schlager, editor - Volumes 8-11 Birds I-IV Donna Olendorf, editor - Volume 12 Mammals I Melissa C. McDade, editor - Volumes 13-15 Mammals II-III Melissa C. McDade, editor - Volume 16 Mammals IV Melissa C. McDade, editor - Volume 17 Cumulative index Melissa C. McDade, editor. Recommended citation: Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, Second edition. Volumes 8-11 Birds I-IV edited by Michael Hutchins, Jerome A. Jackson, Walter J. Bock and Donna Olendorf. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, 2002. Contents: Foreword. How to use this book. Advisory boards. Contributing writers. Contributing illustrators. Family: Tropicbirds. 187 Family: Frigatebirds. 193 Family: Cormorants and anhingas. 201 Family: Boobies and gannets. 211 Family: Pelicans. 225 Volume 8: Birds I What is a bird? 3 Order CICONIIFORMES Herons, storks, spoonbills, ibis, and New World birds and humans. 19 vultures. 233 Avian migration and navigation. 29 Family: Herons and bitterns. 239 Avian song. 37 Family: Hammerheads. 261 Avian flight. 45 Family: Storks. 265 Order STRUTHIONIFORMES Family: New World vultures. 275 Tinamous and ratites. 53 Family: Shoebills. 287 Family: Tinamous. 57 Family: Ibises and spoonbills. 291 Family: Rheas. 69 Family: Cassowaries. 75 Order PHOENICOPTERIFORMES Family: Emus. 83 Flamingos. 303 Family: Kiwis. 89 Family: Flamingos. 303 Family: Moas. 95 Order FALCONIFORMES Family: Ostriches. 99 Diurnal birds of prey. 313 Family: Elephant birds. 103 Family: Hawks and eagles. 317 Order PROCELLARIIFORMES Tubenosed seabirds. 107 Family: Albatrosses. 113 Family: Shearwaters, petrels, and fulmars. 123 Family: Storm-petrels. 135 Family: Diving-petrels. 143 Order SPHENISCIFORMES Penguins Family: Penguins. 147 Order GAVIIFORMES Loons Family: Loons. 159 Order PODICIPEDIFORMES Grebes Family: Grebes. 169 Order PELECANIFORMES Pelicans and cormorants. 183 Family: Secretary birds. 343 Family: Falcons and caracaras. 347 Order ANSERIFORMES Ducks, geese, swans, and screamers. 363 Family: Ducks, geese, and swans. 369 Family: Screamers. 393 Order GALLIFORMES Chicken-like birds. 399 Family: Moundbuilders. 403 Family: Curassows, guans, and chachalacas. 413 Family: Guineafowl. 425 Family: Fowls and pheasants. 433 Family: New World quails. 455 Order OPISTHOCOMIFORMES Hoatzins Family: Hoatzins. 465 Ключевые слова: southern, slope lift, group, british columbia, leuconota species, pipra species, monotypic, spanish, song, breeding, photo, wide, chick, gular pouch, diet, american museum, excellent flier, bivittata species, animal life, ecology, food, melanopogon species, conservation status, egg, geoffroyi species, magnificent frigatebird, status, adult, monotypic sagittariidae, monkey troop, senex species, ecology diet, taxonomy, rubetra species, head, wilsons storm-petrel, cultural history, war, family, tracheal pouch, wedge-rumped storm-petrel, significance humans, rocky slope, physical, fish, africa, sri lanka, german, cayanensis species, rift valley, life, acre, brian cressman, partially migratory, nonbreeding season, america, birdsi, mutually exclusive, day, site, university, native americans, rainy season, size, humboldt current, prey, taxonomic affinity, foregut fermentation, fax, sideways stare, chatham islands, javanicus species, phone, local community, falkland islands, fly, north, pair, wa ft, crozet islands, south, reproductive biology, garrulus species, vulture, red, behavior, life encyclopedia, cm, bird, forest, calandra species, large, water, director retired, lb, feed, harrier-hawks polyboroides, pica species, continental shelf, black, feeding ecology, common names, birdlife international, foot, plumifera species, glandarius species, range, oil spill, specie, display, population, cm lb, michigan museum, white-breasted guineafowl, shallow plunge-dives, brown, phoebe species, wing, cormorants darters, gray, campanisona species, area, species, press, animal, feather, jacqueline mahannah, larger, neck, colony, pelecaniformes lineage, biology, aru islands, greeting ceremony, floating mat, wa, season, northern, ghana significance, french, humans, indian subcontinent, cinnamomeiventris species, island, significance, grassy slope, ha, bustard otididae, long, young, heron, encyclopedia, crude stick-nest, habitat, genus, nest, emily damstra, reproductive, wax ester, longipes species, high, podiceps species, london, gymnops species, penguin, closest relative, european starling, incubation, cultural significance, number, names, evolutionary history, subspecies, birds, flight, order, aleutian islands, virginianus species, oil, female, helmeted guineafowl, mistaken belief, characteristics, patricia ferrer, hawaiian islands, plumage, ft cm, single file, small, common, form, feeding, cinereifrons species, ground, apr nests, body, del hoyo, male, physical characteristics, indus valley, tree, year, national academy, white, democratic republic, time, grzimek, threatened, laridae gulls, generalist feeder, oil droplet, cm oz, human, marguette dongvillo, distribution, conservation