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"Second Edition", "Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, Second Edition Volume 11: Birds IV". Jerome A. Jackson (Advisory Editor), Walter J. Bock (Taxonomic Editor), Donna Olendorf (Project Editor), Joseph E. Trumpey (Chief Scientific Illustrator), Michael Hutchins (Series Editor) in association with the American Zoo and Aquarium Association. Editorial Deirdre Blanchfield, Madeline Harris, Christine Jeryan, Kristine M. Krapp, Kate Kretschmann, Melissa C. McDade, Mark Springer. Permissions Kim Davis Imaging and Multimedia Mary K. Grimes, Lezlie Light, Christine OBryan, Barbara Yarrow, Robyn V. Young. Product Design Tracey Rowens, Jennifer Wahi Manufacturing Dorothy Maki, Evi Seoud, Mary Beth Trimper. Copyright © 2003 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group Inc., a division of Thomson Learning Inc. Gale and Design™ and Thomson Learning™ are trademarks used herein under license. For more information contact The Gale Group Inc. 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 or visit our Internet site at http://www.gale.com. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means-graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems-without the written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this product, submit your request via Web at http://www.gale-edit.com/permissions or download our Permissions Request form and submit by fax or mail to: The Gale Group Inc., Permissions Department, 27500 Drake Road, Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535. Permissions hotline: 248-699-8074 or 800-877-4253 ext. 8006 Fax: 248-699-8074 or 800-762-4058. Cover photo of large cactus ground-finch (Geospiza conirostris) by K. Schafer VIREO. Back cover photos of sea anemone by AP Wide World Photos University of Wisconsin-Superior; land snail, lionfish, golden frog, and green python by JLM Visuals; red-legged locust © 2001 Susan Sam; hornbill by Margaret F. Kinnaird; and tiger by Jeff Lepore Photo Researchers. All reproduced by permission. ISBN: 0-7876-5362-4 (vols. 1-17 set) 0-7876-6571-1 (vols. 8-11 set) 0-7876-5784-0 (vol. 8) 0-7876-5785-9 (vol. 9) 0-7876-5786-7 (vol. 10) 0-7876-5787-5 (vol. 11) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Grzimek, Bernhard. _Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia_. English edition. Second edition v. cm. Contents: v. 1. Lower metazoans and lesser deuterosomes Neil Schlager, editor - v. 2. Protostomes Neil Schlager, editor - v. 3. Insects Neil Schlager, editor - v. 4-5. Fishes I-II Neil Schlager, editor - v. 6. Amphibians Neil Schlager, editor - v. 7. Reptiles Neil Schlager, editor - v. 8-11. Birds I-IV Donna Olendorf, editor - v. 12-16. Mammals I-V Melissa C. McDade, editor - v. 17. Cumulative index Melissa C. McDade, editor. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Recommended citation: Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, Second edition. Volumes 8-11, Birds I-IV, edited by Michael Hutchins, Jerome A. Jackson, Walter J. Bock, and Donna Olendorf. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, 2002. Contents: Foreword. viii How to use this book. xiii Advisory boards. Contributing writers. Contributing illustrators. Family: Tropicbirds. 187 Family: Frigatebirds. 193 Family: Cormorants and anhingas. 201 Family: Boobies and gannets. 211 Family: Pelicans. 225 Volume 8: Birds I What is a bird? 3 Order CICONIIFORMES Herons, storks, spoonbills, ibis, and New World Birds and humans. vultures. 233 Avian migration and navigation. 29 Family: Herons and bitterns. 239 Avian song. 37 Family: Hammerheads. 261 Avian flight. 45 Family: Storks. 265 Order STRUTHIONIFORMES Family: New World vultures. 275 Tinamous and ratites. 53 Family: Shoebills. 287 Family: Tinamous. 57 Family: Ibises and spoonbills. 291 Family: Rheas. 69 Family: Cassowaries. 75 Order PHOENICOPTERIFORMES Family: Emus. 83 Flamingos Family: Kiwis. 89 Family: Flamingos. 303 Family: Moas. 95 Order FALCONIFORMES Family: Ostriches. 99 Diurnal birds of prey. 313 Family: Elephant birds. 103 Family: Hawks and eagles. 317 Order PROCELLARIIFORMES Tubenosed seabirds. 107 Family: Albatrosses. 113 Family: Shearwaters, petrels, and fulmars. 123 Family: Storm-petrels. 135 Family: Diving-petrels. 143 Order SPHENISCIFORMES Penguins Family: Penguins. 147 Order GAVIIFORMES Loons Family: Loons. 159 Order PODICIPEDIFORMES Grebes Family: Grebes. 169 Order PELECANIFORMES Pelicans and cormorants. 183 Family: Secretary birds. 343 Family: Falcons and caracaras. 347 Order ANSERIFORMES Ducks, geese, swans, and screamers. 363 Family: Ducks, geese, and swans. 369 Family: Screamers. 393 Order GALLIFORMES Chicken-like birds. 399 Family: Moundbuilders. 403 Family: Curassows, guans, and chachalacas. 413 Family: Guineafowl. 425 Family: Fowls and pheasants. 433 Family: New World quails. 455 Order OPISTHOCOMIFORMES Hoatzins Family: Hoatzins. 465 Ключевые слова: head, halls babbler, life encyclopedia, range, highly glossed, names, falkland islands, press, resident, sexually dichromatic, ecology, behavior, doubleor triple-brooded, evening grosbeak, island, northern, subspecies, incubation, malay peninsula, ibadan malimbe, status threatened, parker iii, clifford, spanish, acre, indian ocean, melanopogon species, conservation status, seed, sexual dimorphism, cultural significance, feeding, pair, group, irian jaya, solomon islands, hanging upside-down, developing country, rocky mountains, life, reproductive biology, feeding ecology diet, status, university, gray, ha, dunning, plumage, atlantic ocean, lesser sundas, southern, kaiholena valley, longipes species, erica heath, amsterdam amsterdam, tree, cm oz, humans, specie, javanicus species, wing, gymnops species, physical characteristics, mount elliot, day, ecology diet, animal life, warbler, rallying symbol, photo, bivittata species, birds, oz, common names, occurs, feeding ecology, conservation status threatened, subfamily, geoffroyi species, spangled drongo, open, forest, walter, royal society, distribution, red, flat triangular, male, versatile forager, tomi hakkari, highly modified, london, common, yellow, species, ft, birdlife international, mm oz, kona grosbeak, black, jack dumbacher, territory, grzimek, english, biology, cm lb, small, australian, diet, significance humans, significance, north, long, hawaiian islands, encyclopedia, feather, external coating, leuconota species, food, phone, central, german, cinnamomeiventris species, dry sector, family, habitat, year, cryptically monochromatic, bering sea, iv, bathurst islands, cayanensis species, reproductive, annual cycle, sexual selection, tail, british isles, senex species, kamchatka peninsula, evolutionary history, area, female, nest, hermes reef, insect, stellata species, cinereifrons species, characteristics, brown, action plan, scarlet-collared flowerpecker, genus, pipra species, sexes, white, craig starlings, chatham islands, port moresby, shallow saucer, winter, physical, aleutian islands, huon peninsula, gray-crowned babbler, american redstart, guinea, french, africa, greatest richness, campanisona species, coral atoll, threatened, western, flock, animal, conservation, calandra species, season, rubetra species, lineage leading, cm, egg, bird, ground, young, feed, sierra leone, long-billed crombec, davis finches, plumifera species, weyland mountains, willie wagtail, glandarius species, phoebe species, population, physical characteristics cm, pica species, breeding, facial disc, south, sri lanka, names english, tunnel burrowed, kuala lumpur, woodland, madroo nieto, experimental manipulation, taxonomy, virginianus species, sabah society, cactus spine, flight, short, large, australia, song