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"Second Edition", "Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, Second Edition Volume 14: Mammals III", edited by Devra G. Kleiman, Valerius Geist, Melissa C. McDade, Joseph E. Trumpey, Michael Hutchins. Advisory Editor: Valerius Geist Project Editor: Melissa C. McDade Series Editor: Michael Hutchins In association with the American Zoo and Aquarium Association. Editorial Staff: Stacey Blachford, Deirdre S. Blanchfield, Madeline Harris, Christine Jeryan, Kate Kretschmann, Mark Springer, Ryan Thomason Indexing Services: Synapse, the Knowledge Link Corporation Imaging and Multimedia: Randy Bassett, Mary K. Grimes, Lezlie Light, Christine OBryan, Barbara Yarrow, Robyn V. Young Product Design: Tracey Rowens, Jennifer Wahi Manufacturing: Wendy Blurton, Dorothy Maki, Evi Seoud, Mary Beth Trimper Copyright © 2004 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group Inc., a division of Thomson Learning Inc. For more information contact The Gale Group Inc. 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Or visit our Internet site at http://www.gale.com No part of this work may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this product, submit your request via Web at http://www.gale-edit.com/permissions. You can also download our Permissions Request form and submit it by fax or mail to: The Gale Group Inc. Permissions Department 27500 Drake Road Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Cover photo of Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris) by Jeff Lepore, Photo Researchers, Inc. Back cover photos: Sea anemone by AP Wide World Photos; University of Wisconsin-Superior; land snail, lionfish, golden frog, and green python by JLM Visuals; red-legged locust © 2001 Susan Sam; hornbill by Margaret F. Kinnaird; tiger by Jeff Lepore, Photo Researchers. ISBN: 0-7876-5362-4 (vols. 1-17 set) 0-7876-6573-8 (vols. 12-16 set) 0-7876-5788-3 (vol. 12) 0-7876-5789-1 (vol. 13) 0-7876-5790-5 (vol. 14) 0-7876-5791-3 (vol. 15) 0-7876-5792-1 (vol. 16) This title is also available as an e-book. ISBN: 0-7876-7750-7 (17-vol set) Contact your Gale sales representative for ordering information. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Grzimek, Bernhard. _Tierleben_. English Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia - 2nd ed. vols. cm. Includes bibliographical references. Contents: v. 1. Lower metazoans and lesser deuterosomes Neil Schlager, editor - v. 2. Protostomes Neil Schlager, editor - v. 3. Insects Neil Schlager, editor - v. 4-5. Fishes I-II Neil Schlager, editor - v. 6. Amphibians Neil Schlager, editor - v. 7. Reptiles Neil Schlager, editor - v. 8-11. Birds I-IV Donna Olendorf, editor - v. 12-16. Mammals I-V Melissa C. McDade, editor - v. 17. Cumulative index Melissa C. McDade, editor. ISBN: 0-7876-5362-4 (set hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Zoology-Encyclopedias. I. Title: Animal life encyclopedia. II. Schlager, Neil, 1966 III. Olendorf, Donna IV. McDade, Melissa C. V. American Zoo and Aquarium Association. Contents: Foreword. ix How to use this book. xii Advisory boards. xiv Contributing writers. xvi Contributing illustrators. xx Volume 12: Mammals I What is a mammal? 3 Ice Age giants. 17 Contributions of molecular genetics to phylogenetics. 26 Structure and function. 36 Adaptations for flight. 52 Adaptations for aquatic life. 62 Adaptations for subterranean life. 69 Sensory systems, including echolocation. 79 Life history and reproduction. 89 Reproductive processes. 101 Ecology. 113 Nutritional adaptations. 120 Distribution and biogeography. 129 Behavior. 140 Cognition and intelligence. 149 Migration. 164 Mammals and humans: Domestication and commensals. 171 Mammals and humans: Mammalian invasives and pests. 182 Mammals and humans: Field techniques for studying mammals. Order PAUCITUBERCULATA Shrew opossums Family: Shrew opossums. 267 Order MICROBIOTHERIA Monitos del monte Family: Monitos del monte. 273 Order DASYUROMORPHIA Australasian carnivorous marsupials. 277 Family: Marsupial mice and cats, Tasmanian devil. 287 Family: Numbat. 303 Family: Tasmanian wolves. For further reading. 311 Organizations. 316 Contributors to the first edition. 318 Glossary. 325 Mammals species list. 330 Geologic time scale. 364 Index. Order PERAMELEMORPHIA Bandicoots and bilbies Family: Bandicoots. Subfamily: Bilbies. 19 Order NOTORYCTEMORPHIA Marsupial moles Family: Marsupial moles. 25 Order DIPROTODONTIA Mammals and humans: Mammals in zoos. 203 Conservation. Order MONOTREMATA Monotremes. 227 Family: Echidnas. 235 Family: Duck-billed platypus. Koala, wombats, possums, wallabies, and kangaroos. 31 Family: Koalas. 43 Family: Wombats. 51 Family: Possums and cuscuses. 57 Family: Musky rat-kangaroos. 69 Family: Rat-kangaroos. 73 Family: Wallabies and kangaroos. 83 Order DIDELPHIMORPHIA Family: Pygmy possums. 105 New World opossums Family: Ringtail and greater gliding possums. 113 Family: New World opossums. 249 Family: Gliding and striped pos' Ключевые слова: rios negro, seed-eaters specializing, sociobiology, photo, reproduced permission, genus, conservation status, blanfordi species, highly intolerant, adaptive radiation, international treaty, fruit, amsterdam amsterdam, tree, temporary storage, brown, caurinus species, size, diet, life, ischial callosity, reproduced, dog, cm oz, arboreal, ecology, ciencias universidad, family, montagne dambre, time, cecotrophic re-digesting, mentawai islands, monkey, habitat, threatened, common names, acre, physical, fur, mayfield pub, common, euoticus elegantulus, ac ha, length, arnhemensis species, mating, indian subcontinent, subfamily, bruce davidsonnaturepl, bear, feeding, mph kph, andinus species, single, significance, calvus novaesi, auratus species, florida panther, northern, reproductive, mekong rivers, amurensis species, tibetan plateau, humans, body length, mammals, sexual dimorphism, behavior, white, life encyclopedia, gillian harris, sexual dichromatism, photo researchers, southern, wendy baker, prey, biology, physical characteristics, reproductive biology, albicauda species, cm, ermine, forest, ecology diet, birth, insect, albipes species, feeding ecology, primates, breeding, otolemur garnettii, young, sexually dichromatic, alfari species, male, papio ursinus, york, diurnal, bodily dimension, distribution, permission, long, afra species, multiple partner, international committee, head, year, mammals iii, males, albiventris species, female, iii, ischial tuberosity, university, month, crassicaudatus species, range, bengalensis species, campestris species, human, species, females, action plan, group, chicago press, papio hamadryas, malay peninsula, alticola species, small, area, sexually mature, lb, wild, seal, acre hectare, island, costa rica, chukchi seas, population, arenarius species, encyclopedia, primate, masoala peninsula, dental comb, tail length, lawrence, dennisphoto researchers, leaf, large, social, subspecies, san diego, lb oz, mammal, characteristics, kelantan rivers, buff-agouti dorsally, crassicauda species, sierra leone, upwelling plume, excellent climber, taxonomy, lion, resonant hissing, garbage dump, day, season, anthropological papers, ha, individual, wildfire destroyed, alexandri species, sexual selection, africa, apicalis species, litter, adustus species, aethiopicus species, andrewsi species, deggingerphoto researchers, lemur, adaptive radiations, nocturnal, foramen magnum, endocrine profile, body, adult, south, forests, black, animal, aerosus species, spanish, tail, madagascar, territory, animal life, douc langur, press, postorbital plate, british isles, head body, grzimek, names, cm lb, standard definition, conservation, ish, specie, status, gray, short, galagoides demidoff, otolemur crassicaudatus, cat, food, outer margin