Richardson's Dream: The Emergence of Scientific Weather Forecasting
Book 1 of Meteorology
Language: English
37.15.00=Geomagnetism and high atmospheric layers 37.21.00=Meteorology 37.31.00=Physics of the Earth 38.61.00=Hydrogeology DICT Meteorology aberdeen maryland advanced studies akh amer analysis arithmetical blunder artificial language atmos atmosphere atmospheric atmospheric diffusion balance baroclinic instability barotropic bjerknes british isles bull calculated calculation change chapter charney climate modelling completely absent component computational grid computational instability computational mode computational stability condition connecting rod courant-friedrichs-lewy criterion data day deliberate break deutscher wetterdienst development diagnostic component diagnostic relationship difference digital filter dines discrete grid divergence dover publications durham college earths radius equation error eskdalemuir observatory extraneous material extratropical northern field filter filtered fir filter five-day wave flow forecast forecast factory forecasting form frequency frictional force function gaussian grid geostationary satellite geostrophic glaring error global atmospheric gravitational acceleration gravity gravity wave gravity-inertia wave greatly underestimated grid gustave hermite height high horizontal hour hpa incompressible fluid initial initial data initial distribution initialization integration isobaric co-ordinate latitudinal structure lawrence rotch layer level linear los alamos los angeles low-pass filter mathematically isomorphic met met eireann met office meteor meteorological meteorology project method minor slip mode model momentum motion norbert wiener normal mode northern hemisphere number numerical numerical algorithm numerical forecasting numerical instability numerical modelling numerical weather observation observational data office oscillation panel period physical platzman point ppo prediction press pressure problem process program prophetor professor registering balloon required result rev revision file richardson richardsons data richardsons initial rossby-haurwitz wave roy running header satellite scale scheme sci scientific forecasting set simple simple mechanical sin slow soc solution southern hemisphere spherical grid spherical harmonic step strong impetus surface sydney chapman table tellus temperature tendency tercentro term time time-staggered grid total wavenumber traditional approximation transporting wounded twentieth century uninitialized data unit upper troposphere variable velocity vertical vertical dependency vertical isothermy vertical stratification vertical structure von neumann vorticity wave wave-like structure weather weather prediction weatherrev wind work year
Description:
"Peter Richardson, 'Richardson's Dream: The Emergence of Scientific Weather Forecasting', Peter Lynch Contents: Guiding Signs, page vi Preface, vii Acknowledgements, ix 1 Weather Prediction by Numerical Process, 1 1.1 The problem, 1 1.2 Vilhelm Bjerknes and scientific forecasting, 4 1.3 Outline of Richardson's life and work, 10 1.4 The origin of Weather Prediction by Numerical Process, 14 1.5 Outline of the contents of WPNP, 18 1.6 Preview of remaining chapters, 26 2 The Fundamental Equations 2.1 Richardson's general circulation model, 2 2.2 The basic equations, 3 2.3 The vertical velocity equation, 4 2.4 Temperature in the stratosphere, 5 2.5 Pressure coordinates, 6 3 The Oscillations of the Atmosphere 3.1 The Laplace tidal equations, 7 3.2 Normal modes of the atmosphere, 8 3.3 Atmospheric tides, 9 3.4 Numerical solution of the Laplace tidal equations, 10 4 The Barotropic Forecast 4.1 Richardson's model and data, 11 4.2 The finite difference scheme, 12 4.3 The barotropic forecast, 13 4.4 The global numerical model, 14 4.5 Extending the forecast, 15 4.6 Non-divergent and balanced initial conditions, 16 4.7 Reflections on the single layer model 5 The Solution Algorithm 5.1 The finite difference method, 78 5.2 Integration in time, 80 5.3 The Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy Stability Criterion, 84 5.4 The Richardson grid, 87 5.5 The equations for the strata, 88 5.6 The computational algorithm, 91 6 Observations and Initial Fields 6.1 Aerological observations, 92 6.2 Dines meteorograph, 93 6.3 The Leipzig charts, 94 6.4 Preparation of the initial fields, 95 7 Richardson's Forecast 7.1 What Richardson actually predicted: twenty numbers, 96 7.2 Scaling the equations of motion, 97 7.3 Analysis of the initial tendencies, 98 7.4 The causes of the forecast failure, 99 7.5 Max Margules and the impossibility of forecasting, 100 8 Balance and Initialization 8.1 Balance in the atmosphere, 101 8.2 The slow manifold, 102 8.3 Techniques of initialization, 103 8.4 The swinging spring, 104 8.5 Digital filter initialization, 105 9 Smoothing the Forecast 9.1 Reconstruction of the forecast, 106 9.2 Richardson's five smoothing methods, 107 9.3 Digital filtering of the initial data, 108 9.4 Extension of the forecast, 109 10 The ENIAC Integrations 10.1 The Meteorology Project, 110 10.2 Filtered equations, 111 10.3 The ENIAC integrations, 112 10.4 The barotropic model, 113 10.5 Multi-level models, 114 10.6 Primitive equation models, 115" Ключевые слова: meteorology, extraneous material, weather prediction, gravity wave, traditional approximation, satellite, equation, surface, balance, frictional force, tercentro, aberdeen maryland, press, vertical stratification, velocity, greatly underestimated, upper troposphere, twentieth century, numerical, earths radius, scale, richardsons initial, bull, sin, time, forecast, dover publications, weatherrev, hpa, wa, layer, simple mechanical, rossby-haurwitz wave, barotropic, artificial language, office, height, strong impetus, sci, ha, 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