Introduction to Physical Oceanography
Book 1 of Oceanology
Language: English
37.21.00=Meteorology 37.23.00=Climatology 37.25.00=Oceanology 38.17.00=Tectonics Oceanology abyssal circulation accuracy acoustical society antarctic circumpolar apel area argo float atlantic atmosphere atmospheric bad news baroclinic instability basin bering sea biological chemical boundary bulk formula calculate calculated cape hatteras cartesian coordinate change chapter circulation clear climate coast coastal zone concepts constant continental shelf coriolis parameter current data day dead plant deep density depth direction distance distribution dominant force doppler shift drake passage earth eddy ekman ekman pumping eos transactions equation equatorial error european centre external force far-reaching large-scale flow fluid flux force fourier series fourier transform frequency function geocentric coordinate geophysical geopotential geostrophic geostrophic currents global gravitational attraction greatly exaggerated gulf heat heated height historical setting horizontal inertial oscillation influence infrared radiation instrument intergovernmental panel interpolating device inverse method inverted barometer joint panel journal lagrangian measurements latitude launched layer lead leonhard euler level logarithmic profile low-flying aircraft mass measure measured measurement mediterranean sea meridional circulation meridional-overturning circulation meteorological agency meter mid-atlantic ridge mid-ocean ridge mixed vertically mixing model motion nasa langley national centers nature neutral stability nina nino north north atlantic northern hemisphere numerical observation ocean oceanic oceanographic tables oceanography osborne reynolds pacific physical physics point press pressure process produce references region relative resonant sloshing restoring force result river inflow salinity san diego san francisco satellite scale science scripps institution sea sea floor sea surface sea-bird electronics set ship sin smith society southern acc southern hemisphere southern oscillation specific humidity speed spilling breaker static stability stream stress stress tensor submarine canyon subsurface float suns perigee surf zone surface tanh fcrf taylor-proudman theorem temperature term theoretical ideas theory tidal tidal force tidal forcing tidal potential tide tide-generating potential time topographic steering transport turbulence vapor condenses velocity vernal equinox vertical vorticity water wave wavlength weather weddell sea wind wind-driven circulation year
Published: Dec 31, 2005
Description:
"Introduction to Physical Oceanography Robert H. Stewart Department of Oceanography Texas A & M University Copyright 2006 September 2006 Edition ii Contents Preface iii 1 A Voyage of Discovery 1.1 Physics of the Ocean 1.2 Goals 1.3 Organization 1.4 The Big Picture 1.5 Further Reading 2 The Historical Setting 2.1 Definitions 2.2 Eras of Oceanographic Exploration 2.3 Milestones in the Understanding of the Ocean 2.4 Evolution of Some Theoretical Ideas 2.5 The Role of Observations in Oceanography 2.6 Important Concepts 3 The Physical Setting 3.1 Ocean and Seas 3.2 Dimensions of the Ocean 3.3 Sea-Floor Features 3.4 Measuring the Depth of the Ocean 3.5 Sea Floor Charts and Data Sets 3.6 Sound in the Ocean 3.7 Important Concepts 4 Atmospheric Influences 9 4.1 The Earth in Space 4.2 Atmospheric Wind Systems 4.3 The Planetary Boundary Layer 4.4 Measurement of Wind 4.5 Calculations of Wind 4.6 Wind Stress 4.7 Important Concepts in 5 The Oceanic Heat Budget 51 5.1 The Oceanic Heat Budget 5.2 Heat-Budget Terms 5.3 Direct Calculation of Fluxes 5.4 Indirect Calculation of Fluxes: Bulk Formulas 5.5 Global Data Sets for Fluxes 5.6 Geographic Distribution of Terms 5.7 Meridional Heat Transport 5.8 Variations in Solar Constant 5.9 Important Concepts 6 Temperature, Salinity, and Density 3 6.1 Definition of Salinity 6.2 Definition of Temperature 6.3 Geographical Distribution 6.4 The Oceanic Mixed Layer and Thermocline 6.5 Density 6.6 Measurement of Temperature 6.7 Measurement of Conductivity or Salinity 6.8 Measurement of Pressure 6.9 Temperature and Salinity with Depth 6.10 Light in the Ocean and Absorption of Light 6.11 Important Concepts 7 The Equations of Motion 3 7.1 Dominant Forces for Ocean Dynamics 7.2 Coordinate System 7.3 Types of Flow in the Ocean 7.4 Conservation of Mass and Salt 7.5 The Total Derivative (D Dt) 7.6 Momentum Equation 7.7 Conservation of Mass: The Continuity Equation tIl l 7.8 Solutions to the Equations of Motion 7.9 Important Concepts 8 Equations of Motion with Viscosity 5 8.1 The Influence of Viscosity 8.2 Turbulence 8.3 Calculation of Reynolds Stress : 8.4 Mixing in the Ocean 8.5 Stability 8.6 Important Concepts" Ключевые слова: references, spilling breaker, speed, tide-generating potential, relative, cm, geophysical, satellite, equation, surface, fluid, oceanography, gulf, ekman pumping, inertial oscillation, dp, restoring force, mass, salinity, equatorial, cartesian coordinate, velocity, san diego, meridional-overturning circulation, specific humidity, numerical, scale, tidal force, sin, time, weddell sea, physics, society, vernal equinox, atlantic, mid-ocean ridge, water, wind-driven circulation, global, pacific, wa, layer, biological chemical, vapor condenses, stress tensor, earth, el, height, oceanic, ha, produce, coriolis parameter, tidal, gravitational attraction, osborne reynolds, river inflow, geopotential, sea surface, transport, meridional circulation, intergovernmental panel, distance, submarine canyon, mid-atlantic ridge, turbulence, baroclinic instability, southern oscillation, day, acoustical society, inverse method, process, model, science, wind, measurement, frequency, climate, lagrangian measurements, ship, logarithmic profile, taylor-proudman theorem, geostrophic currents, change, resonant sloshing, eos transactions, abyssal circulation, horizontal, measure, european centre, accuracy, geocentric coordinate, distribution, external force, error, depth, vertical, northern hemisphere, constant, calculated, joint panel, drake passage, dominant force, mixed vertically, journal, atmosphere, apel, nino, concepts, small, north, scripps institution, meteorological agency, region, boundary, nina, temperature, bad news, dx dy, tidal forcing, smith, weather, sv, sea, data, sea-bird electronics, surf zone, year, heat, bering sea, point, low-flying aircraft, calculate, influence, fourier transform, dx dp, tide, meter, chapter, southern acc, function, eddy, cape hatteras, area, theoretical ideas, flux, result, current, stress, dead plant, topographic steering, southern hemisphere, oceanographic tables, national centers, launched, coast, north atlantic, fourier series, coastal zone, sea floor, far-reaching large-scale, level, wave, suns perigee, force, greatly exaggerated, ocean, doppler shift, mediterranean sea, inverted barometer, stream, interpolating device, nasa langley, physical, flow, clear, direction, san francisco, basin, heated, mixing, circulation, pressure, wavlength, leonhard euler, set, static stability, deep, latitude, historical setting, instrument, tanh fcrf, subsurface float, measured, geostrophic, tidal potential, neutral stability, press, bulk formula, antarctic circumpolar, continental shelf, term, motion, nature, atmospheric, lead, density, theory, observation, ekman, infrared radiation, vorticity, argo float, large