Description:

"Field Geophysics THIRD EDITION John Milsom University College London Copyright 2003 by John Milsom Published 2003 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com First edition first published in 1989 by Open University Press, and Halsted Press (a division of John Wiley Inc.) in the USA, Canada and Latin America. Copyright J. Milsom 1989. Second edition first published in 1996 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Copyright 1996 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic mechanical photocopying recording scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd 90 Tottenham Court Road London W1T 4LP UK without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department John Wiley & Sons Ltd The Atrium Southern Gate Chichester West Sussex PO19 8SQ England or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services If professional advice or other expert assistance is required the services of a competent professional should be sought Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons Inc 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA Jossey Bass 989 Market Street San Francisco CA 94103-1741 USA Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH Boschstr 12 D-69469 Weinheim Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd 33 Park Road Milton Queensland 4064 Australia John Wiley & Sons Asia Pte Ltd 2 Clementi Loop 02-01 Jin Xing Distripark Singapore 129809 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd 22 Worcester Road Etobicoke Ontario Canada M9W 1L1 Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Milsom, John, 1939 - Field geophysics John Milsom. - 3rd ed p cm (The geological field guide series) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-470-84347-0 (alk paper) 1 Prospecting Geophysical methods I Title II Series TN269 F445 2002 622 15 - dc21 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-470-84347-0 Typeset in 8 5 10 5pt Times by Laserwords Private Limited Chennai India Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd Chippenham Wiltshire This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production Contents Preface to the First Edition vii Preface to the Second Edition ix Preface to the Third Edition xi 1 Introduction 1 1 1 Fields 1 2 Geophysical Fieldwork 1 3 Geophysical Data 1 4 Bases and Base Networks 1 5 Global Positioning Satellites 2 Gravity Method 29 2 1 Physical Basis of the Gravity Method 29 2 2 Gravity Meters 30 2 3 Gravity Reductions 31 2 4 Gravity Surveys 32 2 5 Field Interpretation 36 3 Magnetic Method 51 3 1 Magnetic Properties 51 3 2 The Magnetic Field of the Earth 52 3 3 Magnetic Instruments 54 3 4 Magnetic Surveys 57 3 5 Simple Magnetic Interpretation 60 4 Radiometric Surveys 71 4 1 Natural Radiation 71 4 2 Radiation Detectors 72 4 3 Radiometric Surveys 83 Resistivity and Conductivity DC Methods Varying Current Methods 97 DC Survey Fundamentals Resistivity Profiling Resistivity Depth-sounding Capacitative Coupling Ключевые слова: parabolic approximation, spacing, biotsavart law, interpretation, australian society, distance, source, incident wave, decay, gradient, asgeir eriksen, nearby, vlf, nt, seismic methods, ?elds, metre, error, change, work proceeds, work, radar pulse, cagniard resistivity, auxiliary curve, dif?cult, survey peg, plastic bag, wife pam, earth, geophysics, simple, primary, data, smooth curve, re?ection, needed, balance arm, magnetic permeability, days work, arrival, acoustic impedance, frequency, exponential law, phase, magnetic elds, common, level bubble, factor, area, large, herringbone pattern, atomic nucleus, magnetic property, massive sulphide, gps navigation, radioactive material, general considerations, constant, normal-incidence ray, detailed survey, shot, vertical, rock, beta particle, igf, volume control, current, loop, shallow survey, magnetic, observer, gravity, electrical, ?eld, variation, amplitude, eld crew, inverse-square law, unit, global map, real time, layer, gravity unit, velocity, bouguer gravity, instrument, record, result, voltage, external eld, ip, rechargeable battery, time, le, introduction, conductivity mapping, refraction, detailed work, transmitter, reading, equal, method, coarse adjustment, resistivity, small, gravity elds, considerable rewriting, energy, interpretational material, mutual inductance, fourier analysis, anomaly, direction, produce, survey, conductivity, log-log paper, position, secondary elds, radar, csamt survey, membrane polarization, theoretical analysis, seismic, body, wave, power, electrode, gamma ray, small-scale survey, nmo equation, dip-velocity equation, hand-held gps, elastic constant, conventional sense, sea level, reproduced including, topographic map, point, static electricity, gamma-ray spectrometer, ohms law, surface, recorded, long, produced, ground, noise, conductor, dipole, array, angle, resistivity methods, rayleigh wave, quadrature control, personally inspect, qualitative observation, signal, generally, electrical property, single, coil, meter, horizontal, unit volume, magnetic survey, station, depth, curve, high, inverse cube, geophysical, strength, number, vacuum chamber, geophones, length, correction, quarry blasting, northern canada, electromagnetic, precession signal, base, range, methods, receiver, ?rst, diffraction pattern, diurnal magnetometer, short-shot data, weakly magnetic, measured, direct-wave arrival, ha, difference, case, two-layer curve, cable, earths eld, arrival extends, shallow subsurface, daughter kate, secondary eld, level, interface, magnetic field