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"Basic GIS Coordinates", Jan Van Sickle, CRC Press, Boca Raton London New York Washington D.C. (c)2004 by CRC Press LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Van Sickle, Jan. Basic GIS coordinates / Jan Van Sickle. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p.). ISBN 0-415-30216-1 1. Grids (Cartography)—Data processing. 2. Geographic information systems. I. Title GA116.V36 2004 910.285-dc22 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe. Visit the CRC Press Web site at www.crcpress.com (c)2004 by CRC Press LLC No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number 0-415-30216-1 Library of Congress Card Number 2003069761 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printed on acid-free paper Dedication: To Sally Vitamvas Ключевые слова: eastern hemisphere, proceeds northward, point, projection, origin, cm, hourly height, changed, transverse mercator, earths axis, national network, matched, difference, surface tting, scale factor, rimouski quebec, land, parallel, potential energy, mentioned, ten-thousand, idea, public lands, physical network, scale, llc chapter, survey, semiminor axis, standard, leveling, transformation, direction, virgin islands, government employee, result, geodetic height, word, minor axis, spirit leveling, meades ranch, geodetic surveying, chapter, corner, grid factor, sin, doe, coordinates, vice versa, ft, length, initial point, special instruction, lambert, aa ag, change, topographic surface, pole, conic, equatorial plane, distortion, east, press llc, mile, trigonometric leveling, azimuth, distance, latitude longitude, method, crc press, latitude, general assembly, global positioning, joined properly, center, principal meridian, surface, map projection, set, lambert projection, coordinate, transverse, astronomic observation, semi-major axis, surveying, basic, elevation, cylindrical projection, polar, mercator, ofcially sanctioned, prime meridian, place, station, wa, exact scale, monument, north, llc, begun, zone, ?rst, positive, uneven distribution, cartesian, current instruction, equator, measured, x-y-, ft ft, oblate spheroid, semiminor, height, decided, three-dimensional cartesian, ordered pair, position, datum, basic gis, equipotential surface, reference, year, nw nw, original, false easting, second-term correction, factor, modern understanding, ellipsoidal height, geodetic reference, earth, aliquot, polar motion, army corps, radius vector, governing boundary, geodetic azimuth, case, reference ellipsoid, orthometric height, area, small, gravitational eld, military reserve, answer, explanation, boundary, earths surface, dynamic height, geoidal height, geoid, model, quarter, surveyors general, plane, sections boundary, cartesian coordinate, gravity, map, degree, newton predicted, measurement, initial, established, great lakes, ellipsoid, grid, ellipsoids surface, crc, lambert conic, eastern boundary, ellipsoidal, plss, llc basic, western hemisphere, township, ha, west, meridian, crc press llc, transit satellite, level, southern hemisphere, geodetic survey, vast majority, puerto rico, navigable river, tide gauge, gps, spcs, south, high watermark, lot, good deal, orthometric correction, longitude, axis, geodetic, practical purpose, subdivision, press, gis coordinates, gis, foot, fact, angle, public domain, work, polar axis, negative