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_Published under the aegis of the AGU Books Board_, _Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data_ _Mineral physics and crystallography : a handbook of physical constants_ _Tomahs J. Ahrens, editor._ _p. cm. - (AGU reference shelf ISSN 3080-305X; 2)_ _Includes bibliographical references and index._ _ISBN o-87590-852-7 (acid-free)_ _I. Mineralogy-Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Crystallography-Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Ahrens, T. J. (Thomas J.), 1936_ _II. Series._ _QE366.8.M55 1995_ _549_. l-dc20 _ISBN o-87590-852-7 ISSN 1080-305X_ _This book is printed on acid-free paper._ _Copyright 1995 by the American Geophysical Union 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20009_ _Figures, tables, and short excerpts may be reprinted in scientific books and journals if the source is properly cited._ _Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by the American Geophysical Union for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the base fee of $1.00 per copy plus $0.20 per page is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers, MA 01923. ISSN 1080-305X 95 $01.00+0.20_ _This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for creating new collective works or for resale. The reproduction of multiple copies and the use of full articles or the use of extracts, including figures and tables, for commercial purposes requires permission from AGU._ _Published by American Geophysical Union_ _Printed in the United States of America._ _Preface_ _Tomahs J. Ahrens_ _vii_ _Crystallographic Data for Minerals (2-l) Joseph R. Smyth and Tamsin C. McCormick_ _Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals (2-2)_ _Alexandra Navrotsky_ _18_ _Thermal Expansion (2-4)_ _Yingwei Fei 29_ _Elasticity of Minerals, Glasses, and Melts (2-5)_ _Jay D. Bass_ _45_ _Elastic Constants of Mantle Minerals at High Temperature (2-5a)_ _Orson L. Anderson and Donald G. Isaak_ _64_ _Static Compression Measurements of Equations of State (2-6a)_ _Elise Knittle_ _98_ _Shock Wave Data for Minerals (2-6h)_ _Tomahs J. Ahrens and Mary L. Johnson_ _143_ _Electrical Properties of Minerals and Melts (2-8)_ _James A. Tyburczy and Diana K. Fisler_ _185_ _Viscosity and Anelasticity of Melts (2-9)_ _Donald B. Dingwell_ _209_ _Viscosity of the Outer Core (2-9a)_ _R. A. Secco_ _218_ _Models of Mantle Viscosity (2-9h)_ _Scott D. King_ _227_ _Plastic Rheology of Crystals (2-10)_ _J. P. Poirier_ _237_ _Phase Diagrams of Earth-Forming Minerals (2-11)_ _Dean C. Presnall_ _CONTENTS_ _DIFFusion Data for Silicate Minerals, Glasses, and Liquids (2-12)_ _John B. Brady_ _269_ _Infrared, Raman, and Optical Spectroscopy of Earth Materials (2-13)_ _Q. Williams_ _291_ _Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Geochemistry and Geophysics (2-14)_ _Jonathan F. Stebbins_ _303_ _of Silicates and Oxides in Mssbauer Spectroscopy of Minerals (2-15)_ _Catherine McCammon_ _332_ _Index_ _349_ _Preface The purpose of this Handbook is to provide, in highly accessible form, selected critical data for professional and student solid Earth and planetary geophysicists. Coverage of topics and authors were carefully chosen to fulfill these objectives._ _These volumes represent the third version of the “Handbook of Physical Constants.” Several generations of solid Earth scientists have found these handbooks’to be the most frequently used item in their personal library. The first version of this Handbook was edited by F. Birch, J. F. Schairer, and H. Cecil Spicer and published in 1942 by the Geological Society of America (GSA) as Special Paper 36. The second edition, edited by Sydney P. Clark, Jr., was also published by GSA as Memoir 92 in 1966. Since 1966, our scientific knowledge of the Earth and planets has grown enormously, spurred by the discovery and verification of plate tectonics and the systematic exploration of the solar system._ _The present revision was initiated, in part, by a 1989 chance remark by Alexandra Navrotsky asking what the Mineral Physics (now Mineral and Rock Physics) Committee of the American Geophysical Union could produce that would be a tangible useful product. At the time I responded, “update the Handbook of Physical Constants.” As soon as these words were uttered, I realized that I could edit such a revised Handbook. I thank Raymond Jeanloz for his help with initial suggestions of topics, the AGU’s Books Board, especially Ian McGregor, for encouragement and enthusiastic support. Ms. Susan Yamada, my assistant, deserves special thanks for her meticulous stewardship of these volumes. I thank the technical reviewers listed below whose efforts, in all cases, improved the manuscripts._ _Tomahs J. Ahrens, Editor California Institute of Technology Pasadena_ _Carl Agee Thomas J. Ahrens Orson Anderson Don Anderson George H. Brimhall John Brodholt J. Michael Brown Bruce Buffett Robert Butler Clement Chase Robert Creaser Veronique Dehant Alfred G. Duba Larry Finger Michael Gaffey Carey Gazis Michael Gumis William W. Hay_ _Tom Heaton Thomas Herring Joel Ha Andreas K. Kronenberg Robert A. Lange1 John Longhi Guenter W. Lugmair Stephen M&well Gerald M. Mavko Walter D. Mooney Herbert Palme Dean Presnall Richard H. Rapp Justin Revenaugh Rich Reynolds Robert Reynolds Yanick Ricard Frank Richter_ _Vii_ _William 1. Rose, Jr. George Rossman John Sass Surendra K. Saxena Ulrich Schmucker Ricardo Schwarz Doug E. Smylie Carol Stein Maureen Steiner Lars Stixrude Edward Stolper Stuart Ross Taylor Jeannot Trampert Marius Vassiliou Richard P. Von Herzen John M. Wahr Yuk Yung_ _Crystallographic Data For Minerals Joseph R. Smyth and Tamsin C. McCormick With the advent of modern X-ray diffraction instruments and the improving availability of neutron diffraction instrument time, there has been a substantial improvement in the number and quality of structural characterizations of minerals. Also, the past 25 years has seen great advances in high pressure mineral synthesis technology so that many new high pressure silicate and oxide phases of potential geophysical significance have been synthesized in crystals of sufficient size for complete structural characterization by X-ray methods. The object of this work is to compile and present a summary of these data on a selected group of the more abundant, rock-forming minerals in an internally consistent format for use in geophysical and geochemical studies._ _Using mostly primary references on crystal structure determinations of these minerals, we have compiled basic crystallographic property information for some 300 minerals. These data are presented in Table 1.The minerals were selected to represent the most abundant minerals composing the crust of the Earth as well as high pressure synthetic phases that are believed to compose the bulk of the solid Earth. The data include mineral name, ideal formula, ideal formula weight, crystal system, spacegroup, structure type, Z (number of formula units per cell), unit cell edges a, b, and c in Angstrom units (lo-lo m) and inter-axial angles cc,p, yin degrees, unit cell volume in A3, molar volume in cm3, calculated density in Mg m3, and a reference to the complete crystal structure data._ _To facilitate geochemical and geophysical modeling, data for pure synthetic end members are presented when available. Otherwise, data are for near end-member natural samples. For many minerals, structure data (or samples) for pure end members are not available, and in these cases, indicated by an asterisk after the mineral name, data for an impure, natural sample are presented together with an approximate ideal formula and formula weight and density calculated from the ideal formula._ _In order to conserve space we have omitted the precision given by the original workers in the unit cell parameter determination. However, we have quoted the data such that the stated precision is less than 5 in the last decimal place given. The cell volumes, molar volumes and densities are calculated by us given so that the precision in the last given place is less than 5. The formula weights presented are calculated by us and given to one part in approximately 20,000 for pure phases and one part in 1000 for impure natural samples._ _J. R. Smyth, and T. C. McCormick, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0250_ _Mineral Physics and Crystallography A Handbook of Physical Constants AGU Reference Shelf2 Copyright 1995 by the American Geophysical Union._ _Table 1 Crystallographic Properties of Minerals._ _h) Mineral Formula Single Oxides Hemhxkie cuprite cuzo Monoxides Group Periclase NsO WUStite Fe0 Lime CaO Bunsenite NiO Munganosite MnO Tenorite cue Montroydite HgO Zincite ZnO Bromellite Be0 sesquioxide Group Corundum -41203 Hematite Fe203 Eskolaite Cr203 Kureliunite v203 Bixbyite Mnz03 Avicennite T1203 Claudetite AS203 Arsenolite __last_pages_______________________________ elastic moduh 46 shock wave equation of state 146-152 enstatite phase diagrams 254-257 phase relations 25 plastic properties 244 enthalpy mantle minerals 90 minerals 2 l-23 phase transformations 23-27 entropy mantle minerals 90 minerals 2 l-23 phase transformations 23-27 epidote Mossbauer spectra 337 equations of state shock waves 143-174 static compression measurements 98-142 See also Mie-Gruneisen equation of state fayalite crystal field absorption spectra 299 phase diagrams 256 see also iron silicate Fe-57 line positions for 14.4 ke V transition 335 Miissbauer spectroscopy 332-335 feldspars Al-27 NMR data 315 diffusion 275-276 log electrical conductivity vs partial pressure 205 phase diagrams 248-252 Si-29 NMR data 312 viscosity 214 feldspathoids Al-27 NMR data 315 diffusion 279 log electrical conductivity vs partial pressure 205 Si-29 NMR data 312 ferropseudobrookite phase diagrams 259 ferrosilite phase diagrams 255 Fick’s laws diffusion 270-271 forsterite heat capacity 19 phase diagrams 254-256 thermoelastic properties 92-93 See_ Ключевые слова: agu, group, velocity, crc press, cryst, density, experimental, mao, crystal structure, sodium chloride, thermal expansion, garnet, elastic constant, optical property, good approximation, data, rev, single crystal, continued, mass transport, chem sot, incoming light, x-ray, high-pressure, liquids john, parameter, hex, b-m, heat capacity, dac, postglacial rebound, kev transition, rt rt, cap xrd, fft, crystalline environment, chemical potential, inter, scxrd, measurement, ks, von, brillouin spectroscopy, dipole moment, edited, quartz, phys, high pressure, elastic, transition, cubic-anvil press, national bureau, int, fluorescence band, washington, property, elastic modulus, quartz-coesite transition, site, compression, wave, ks kt, study, anderson, seismic tomography, solid, discrete band, expansion, modulus, ceram sot, pc pd, carnegie institution, conductibilite electrique, geol, structure, composition, earth, york, -0 -0, static, anonymous reviewer, jetp, hydrous mg-, sumino, subduction zone, physical property, mantle, krist, creep, ceram, wi, molecular systems, thermochemical property, gpa, single, american institute, bull, geophys, amer, fe, range, iron-silicon alloy, quasiharmanic approximation, dac scxrd, von bargen, hydrolytic weakening, iron-free pigeonite, orthorhombic crystal, volume, high temperature, symposium held, liquid, cs fe, solids, electric field, lattice friction, flyer plate, physical constants, quasiharmonic approximation, crystal lattice, nmr, vrh scheme, structural relaxation, chemical shift, press, appl, aluminum copper, table, gpa b-m, cub, thermal, shock wave, constant, exp-ekt, isaak, phase, ahrens, elastic property, chandler wobble, earth planet, equation, transition zone, gpa eos, external field, acta, mass anomaly, geol sot, minerals, iron, trig, electrical, melt, pressure, orth, planet, olivine, molecular weight, unit, oxide, assumed, ks cs, heat, -dac scxrd, geochemical transport, high, crystal, glass, sample, dense media, cosmochim, petrol, material, viscosity, optical spectroscopy, hazen, tetr, dac xrd, mono, geochim, relaxation mode, xrd gpa, miner, silicate, sot, ray, temperature, mineral, unit mass, electrical conduction, mineralogical society, b-m eos, elasticity, eos, spectrum, chem, thermoelastic property, inorganic chemists, thermal history, diffracted x-rays, sci, shock, b-track profile, rt, model, spectroscopy, oxygen, hyperfine field, cv kt, magnetic field, chemical, dinate aluminum, assumed dac, torsional mode, lett, scheme, meeting supplement, electrical property, potential hill, specific heat, finger, bulk, cubanite cufe, phys chem, conductivity, single-crystal manganosite, planetary science, academic press, dac pxrd, diffusive flux, diffusion, fiber elongation, ii, xrd, pxrd, exp-e, sr ba, energy