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"Grzimeks Animal Life Encyclopedia, Second Edition Volume 1 Lower Metazoans and Lesser Deuterostomes Dennis A. Thoney, Advisory Editor Neil Schlager, Editor Joseph E. Trumpey, Chief Scientific Illustrator Michael Hutchins, Series Editor In Association with the American Zoo and Aquarium Association Grzimeks Animal Life Encyclopedia, Second Edition Volume 1: Lower Metazoans and Lesser Deuterostomes Produced by Schlager Group Inc. Neil Schlager, Editor Vanessa Torrado-Caputo, Associate Editor Project Editor Melissa C. McDade Editorial Stacey Blachford, Deirdre S. Blanchfield, Madeline Harris, Christine Jeryan, Kate Kretschmann, Mark Springer Indexing Services Synapse, the Knowledge Link Corporation Permissions Margaret Chamberlain Imaging and Multimedia Mary K. Grimes, Lezlie Light, Christine OBryan, Barbara Yarrow, Robyn V. Young Product Design Tracey Rowens, Jennifer Wahi Manufacturing Wendy Blurton, Dorothy Maki, Evi Seoud, Mary Beth Trimper (c) 2004 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group Inc., a division of Thomson Learning Inc. Gale and Design™ and Thomson Learning™ are trademarks used herein under license. For more information, contact The Gale Group, Inc. 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Or you can visit our Internet site at http://www.gale.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means-graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems-without the written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this product, submit your request via Web at http://www.gale-edit.com/permissions, or you may download our Permissions Request form and submit your request by fax or mail to: The Gale Group, Inc., Permissions Department, 27500 Drake Road, Farmington Hills, MI, 48331-3535, Permissions hotline: 248-699-8074 or 800-877-4253, ext. 8006, Fax: 248-699-8074 or 800-762-4058. Cover photo of sea anemone by AP Wide World Photos University of Wisconsin-Superior. Back cover photos of sea anemone by AP Wide World Photos University of Wisconsin-Superior; land snail, lionfish, golden frog, and green python by JLM Visuals; red-legged locust (c) 2001 Susan Sam; hornbill by Margaret F. Kinnaird; and tiger by Jeff Lepore Photo Researchers. All reproduced by permission. While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, The Gale Group, Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. The Gale Group, Inc. accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors and publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions. ISBN 0-7876-5362-4 (vols. 1-17 set) 0-7876-5777-8 (vol. 1) This title is also available as an e-book. ISBN 0-7876-7750-7 (17-vol set) Contact your Gale sales representative for ordering information. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Grzimek, Bernhard. _Tierleben. English_ Grzimeks Animal Life Encyclopedia.-2nd ed. v. cm. Includes bibliographical references. Contents: v. 1. Lower metazoans and lesser deuterosomes Neil Schlager, editor - v. 2. Protostomes Neil Schlager, editor - v. 3. Insects Neil Schlager, editor - v. 4-5. Fishes I-II Neil Schlager, editor - v. 6. Amphibians Neil Schlager, editor - v. 7. Reptiles Neil Schlager, editor - v. 8-11. Birds I-IV Donna Olendorf, editor - v. 12-16. Mammals I-V Melissa C. McDade, editor - v. 17. Cumulative index Melissa C. McDade, editor. ISBN 0-7876-5362-4 (set hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Zoology-Encyclopedias. I. Title: Animal life encyclopedia. II. Schlager, Neil, 1966 III. Olendorf, Donna IV. McDade, Melissa C. V. American Zoo and Aquarium Association. VI. Title. QL7 .G7813 2004 590 .3-dc21 2002003351 Printed in Canada 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Recommended citation: Grzimeks Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd edition. Volume 1, Lower Metazoans and Lesser Deuterostomes, edited by Michael Hutchins, Dennis A. Thoney, and Neil Schlager. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, 2003." 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