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"Mark Gamba CORBIS", "Introduction to Physical Science While gravity brings this kayaker to a landing, an opposing force, buoyancy, determines how deep in the landing pool the boat will submerge. To avoid underwater rocks, larger kayaks are chosen on creeks with steep drops in order to increase buoyancy. Copyright (c) 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. The National Geographic features were designed and developed by the National Geographic Society's Education Division. Copyright (c) National Geographic Society. The name "National Geographic Society" and the Yellow Border Rectangle are trademarks of the Society, and their use, without prior written permission, is strictly prohibited. The "Science and Society" and the "Science and History" features that appear in this book were designed and developed by TIME School Publishing, a division of TIME Magazine. TIME and the red border are trademarks of Time Inc. All rights reserved. Send all inquiries to: Glencoe McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240-4027 ISBN: 978-0-07-877804-9 MHIP: 0-07-877804-2 Printed in the United States of America. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 071 043 09 08 07 Mark Gamba CORBIS", "Contents In Brief The Nature of Science. Chapter 1: The Nature of Science. Chapter 2: Measurement. Matter. Chapter 3: Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table. Chapter 4: States of Matter. Chapter 5: Matter-Properties and Changes Chemistry. Chapter 6: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonds. Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions. Substances, Mixtures, and Solubility. Chapter 8: Carbon Chemistry. Motion and Forces. Chapter 10: Motion and Momentum. Chapter 11: Force and Newton's Laws. Forces and Fluids. Chapter 12: Energy. Chapter 13: Energy and Energy Resources. Work and Simple Machines. Chapter 15: Thermal Energy. Waves, Sound, and Light. Chapter 16: Waves. Chapter 17: Sound. Electromagnetic Waves. Chapter 19: Light, Mirrors, and Lenses. Electricity and Magnetism. Chapter 20: Electricity. Chapter 21: Magnetism. Electronics and Computers. Chapter 22: Electronics. Authors Education Division Washington, D.C. Cathy Ezrailson Science Department Head Academy for Science and Health Professions Conroe, TX Nicholas Hainen Chemistry Physics Teacher, Retired Worthington City Schools Worthington, OH Patricia Horton Mathematics and Science Teacher Summit Intermediate School Etiwanda, CA Deborah Lillie Math and Science Writer Sudbury, MA Thomas McCarthy, PhD Science Department Chair St. Edwards School Vero Beach, FL Eric Werwa, PhD Department of Physics and Astronomy Otterbein College Westerville, OH Dinah Zike Educational Consultant Dinah-Might Activities, Inc. San Antonio, TX Margaret K. Zorn Science Writer Yorktown, VA Series Consultants Alton J. Banks, PhD Director of the Faculty Center for Teaching and Learning North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC Jack Cooper Ennis High School Ennis, TX Sandra K. Enger, PhD Associate Director, Associate Professor UAH Institute for Science Education Huntsville, AL David G. Haase, PhD North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC Michael A. Hoggarth, PhD Department of Life and Earth Sciences Otterbein College Westerville, OH Jerome A. Jackson, PhD Whitaker Eminent Scholar in Science Program Director Center for Science, Mathematics, and Technology Education Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Meyers, FL William C. Keel, PhD Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, AL Linda McGaw Science Program Coordinator Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. Dallas, TX Madelaine Meek Physics Consultant Editor Lebanon, OH Robert Nierste Science Department Head Hendrick Middle School, Plano ISD Plano, TX Connie Rizzo, MD, PhD Department of Science Math Marymount Manhattan College New York, NY Dominic Salinas, PhD Middle School Science Supervisor Caddo Parish Schools Shreveport, LA Cheryl Wistrom St. Josephs College Rensselaer, IN Carl Zorn, PhD Staff Scientist Jefferson Laboratory Newport News, VA iv" Ключевые слова: producir cambios, increase, magnet, speed, material, answer, bond, suh murz, cm, player, siupeter arnold, surface, vertical axis, read, mass, law, elaine shay, vocal cord, mcintyrephoto researchers, materia, charge, beth waldimagestate, jet fighter, matt meadows, dominic oldershaw, scale, hirbindex stock, time, image, test, circuit, andrew popperphototakepicturequest, getty images, thermal collector, compound, water, replenished continually, group, amospeter arnold, electric shock, wa, reaction, aaron haupt, answer question, myrleen catephotoedit, identify, place, apply, earth, mirror, optical axis, ha, produce, electron, element, experiment, electromagnetic, nobel prize, studios, analysis, distance, john evans, electric discharge, estudio, amino, amanita pictures, photo, hydrogen, digital stock, critical thinking, model, science, frequency, measurement, lab, moving, form, magnetic, ball, microscopic roughness, main ideas, change, highly penetrating, clark, consiste, measure, david madison, sound, grantpixphoto researchers, zebra mussel, wavelength, lee snidercorbis, molecule, macduff evertoncorbis, compare, light, bob daemmrich, la, morrison photography, medical diagnosis, people, radio, courtesy ibmflorida, thermal energy, actan sobre, evenly spaced, mitch hrdlickaphotodisc, property, dimijianphoto researchers, football player, doe, cone-bearing trees, northern latitude, msscience, molecular level, field, culver pictures, metal, table, temperature, iced tea, joseph sohmchromosohm, scientific notation, volume, cookie dough, matter, data, solution, car, tony freemanphotoedit, pascals principle, number, tom wrightcorbis, heat, point, air, ray, acid, chapter, step, area, solid, tilden foundations, result, chemical, cantidad, current, roger ressmeyercorbis, doug martin, barbara stitzerphotoedit, stock montage, metallic luster, check, work, wave, liquid, level, force, carbon, suh tohps, cm cm, tierra, melissa turk, statement, physical, direction, paper, vocabulary bookmark, write, una sustancia, travel, pressure, jet runway, power, gas, negatively charged, doug menuezphotodisc, unit, icon images, type, editorial staff, device, bernoullis principle, ancient egyptians, ip, puede fluir, question, single chip, alexandervisuals unlimited, david young-wolffphotoedit, substance, motion, una computadora, energy, michael newmanphotoedit, war, word, observation, thermal, particle, archimedes principle, electric, electrically charged, atom, geoff butler, judy lutz, explain, procedure, body, atomos, graph, grant heilman, reuters newmedia, object, mixture