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"Chemical Reference Materials Setting the Standards for Ocean Science Committee on Reference Materials for Ocean Science Ocean Studies Board Division on Earth and Life Studies NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS • 500 Fifth Street, NW • Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF grant number OCE-0096792). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. International Standard Book Number: 0-309-08500-4 Additional copies of this report are available from: The National Academies Press 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Box 285 Washington, DC 20055 (800) 624-6242 (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area) http://www.nap.edu Copyright 2002 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org" Ключевые слова: references, radiocarbon, hayes, material, organic material, marine chemistry, geophysical, quay, surface, oceanography, algal material, organic substance, national, mass, continental margin, press, source, scientific return, vertical flux, redox chemistry, islamorada florida, certified, concentration, time, individual involved, workshop held, organic matter, glasgow, indian ocean, moore, independent method, eglinton, millero, intercomparison materials, deep sea, compound, dry powder, water, technique, global, accurate realization, pigment, wa, deltaic sediment, radium isotope, analytical method, reference material, dissolved, redfield-ketchum-richards equation, federal government, carbonate, university, oceanic, sedimentary record, ha, organic carbon, uronic acid, bomb-produced radiocarbon, ocean science, element, water parcel, van, nutrient, sample, high, percent, euphotic zone, highest priority, instrument capable, round-robin exercise, hedges, haptophyte algae, production, marine science, analytical chemistry, glass container, amino, stated reference, trends program, committee, explicitly addressed, benner, report, basic approach, open-ocean sediment, sediment, cowie, process, recommended, substantial impetus, sedimentary particle, science, measurement, calvin cycle, development, radioactive equilibrium, high priority, open ocean, major, seawater, marine sediment, internal consistency, york, secular equilibrium, reference materials, distribution, analytical, radionuclides, bryan simulations, wakeham, sarmiento, individual, national academy, southern ocean, radioactive isotope, karl, structural component, gordon, environmental science, isotopic composition, iaea, community, journal, xlooo qstandard, deep ocean, rate, honjo seasonality, trace, scripps institution, quality, water column, study, metal, chemical reference, matter, data, solution, sea, appendix, oceanic carbon, common scale, number, organic analytes, amino sugar, carbon dioxide, acid, inorganic, cosmic ray, wide range, isotopic fractionation, bidigare, geochemistry, organic component, acronym list, provide, chemical, result, phytoplankton, method, isotope dilution, american society, based, isotope, organic mixture, materials, nitrogen, ocean, sagami chemical, carbon, major component, deep water, radioactive isotopes, iron, ocean chemistry, paleoceanography, reference, key, dr, marine biosciences, marine, analytes relevant, oceanographic, natural, total, lee, gas, broecker, deep, matrix, unsaturation pattern, component, mcnichol, type, nist, chemistry, wide array, chn analyzer, srm, acta, organic, particulate, leaded gasoline, sargasso sea, nature, living plankton, standard, natural water, program, certified reference, national status, interlaboratory testing, composition, coastal, biological, amino acid, laboratory, great lakes, workshop participant, geological survey, analytical technique, comprehensive list, analysis, large, radon gas