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_Handbook of Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Treatment_, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded Edited by Lawrence K. Wang, Zorex Corporation, Newtonville, New York, and Lenox Institute of Technology, Lenox, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Yung-Tse Hung, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. Howard H. Lo, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. Constantine Yapijakis, The Cooper Union, New York, New York, U.S.A. Consulting Editor: Kathleen Hung Li, NEC Business Network Solutions, Irving, Texas, U.S.A. MARCEL DEKKER, INC. NEW YORK·BASEL The first edition of this book was published as _Handbook of Industrial Waste Treatment_, Volume 1, edited by Lawrence K. Wang and Mu Hao Sung Wang (Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1992). This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006. Although great care has been taken to provide accurate and current information, neither the author(s) nor the publisher, nor anyone else associated with this publication, shall be liable for any loss, damage, or liability directly or indirectly caused or alleged to be caused by this book. The material contained herein is not intended to provide specific advice or recommendations for any specific situation. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 0-203-02651-9 Master e-book ISBN ISBN: 0-8247-4114-5 (Print Edition) Headquarters Marcel Dekker, Inc., 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A. Tel: 212–696–9000; Fax: 212–685–4540 Distribution and Customer Service Marcel Dekker, Inc., Cimarron Road, Monticello, New York 12701, U.S.A. Tel: 800–228–1160; Fax: 845–796–1772 Eastern Hemisphere Distribution Marcel Dekker AG, Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland Tel: 41–61–260–6300; Fax: 41–61–260–6333 World Wide Web http://www.dekker.com The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities. For more information, write to Special Sales Professional Marketing at the headquarters address above. Copyright © 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Preface Environmental managers, engineers, and scientists who have had experience with industrial and hazardous waste management problems have noted the need for a handbook that is comprehensive in its scope, directly applicable to daily waste management problems of specific industries, and widely acceptable by practicing environmental professionals and educators. Many standard industrial waste treatment and hazardous waste management texts adequately cover a few major industries, for conventional in-plant pollution control strategies, but no one book, or series of books, focuses on new developments in innovative and alternative environmental technology, design criteria, effluent standards, managerial decision methodology, and regional and global environmental conservation. This handbook emphasizes in-depth presentation of environmental pollution sources, waste characteristics, control technologies, management strategies, facility innovations, process alternatives, costs, case histories, effluent standards, and future trends for each industrial or commercial operation such as the metal plating and finishing industry or the photographic processing industry. It also presents methodologies, technologies, alternatives, regional effects, and global effects of each important industrial pollution control practice that may be applied to all industries such as industrial ecology, pollution prevention, in-plant hazardous waste management, site remediation, groundwater decontamination, and stormwater management. In a deliberate effort to complement other industrial waste treatment and hazardous waste management texts, this handbook covers new subjects as much as possible. Many topics such as industrial ecology, pollution prevention, in-plant hazardous waste management, stormwater management, photographic processing wastes, soap and detergent wastes, livestock wastes, rubber processing wastes, timber industry wastes, power plant wastes, and metal finishing wastes are presented in detail for the first time in any industrial waste treatment book. Special efforts were made to invite experts to contribute chapters in their own areas of expertise. Since the field of industrial hazardous waste treatment is very broad, no one can claim to be an expert in all industries; collective contributions are better than a single author’s presentation for a handbook of this nature. This handbook is to be used as a college textbook as well as a reference book for the environmental professional. It features the major industries and hazardous pollutants that have significant effects on the environment. Professors, students, and researchers in environmental, civil, chemical, sanitary, mechanical, and public health engineering and science will find valuable educational materials here. The extensive bibliographies for each industrial waste treatment or practice should be invaluable to environmental managers or researchers who need to trace, follow, duplicate, or improve on a specific industrial hazardous waste treatment practice. A successful modern industrial hazardous waste treatment program for a particular industry will include not only traditional water pollution control but also air pollution control, noise control, soil conservation, site remediation, radiation protection, groundwater protection, hazardous waste management, solid waste disposal, and combined industrial-municipal waste treatment and management. In fact, it should be a total environmental control program. Another intention of this handbook is to provide technical and economical information on the development of the most feasible total environmental control program that can benefit both industry and local municipalities. We are indebted to Dr. Mu Hao Sung Wang at the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York, who coedited the first edition, and to Ms. Kathleen Hung Li at NEC Business Network Solutions, Irving, Texas, for her role as Consulting Editor in this new edition. Lawrence K. Wang Yung-Tse Hung Howard H. Lo Constantine Yapijakis Contents Preface v Contributors xi 1. Implementation of Industrial Ecology for Industrial Hazardous Waste Management Lawrence K. Wang and Donald B. Aulenbach 1 2. Bioassay of Industrial and Hazardous Waste Pollutants Sveltana Yu.Selivanovskaya, Venera Z.Latypova, Nadezda Yu.Stepanova, and Yung-Tse Hung 17 3. Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastes Sudhir Kumar Gupta, Sunil Kumar Gupta, and Yung-Tse Hung 71 4. Treatment of Oilfield and Refinery Wastes Joseph M. Wong and Yung-Tse Hung 144 5. Treatment of Metal Finishing Wastes Olcay T?nay, I?ik Kabda?h, and Yung-Tse Hung 217 6. Treatment of Photographic Processing Wastes Thomas W. Bober, Dominick Vacco, Thomas J. Dagon, and Harvey E. Fowler 297 7. Treatment of Soap and Detergent Industry Wastes Constantine Yapijakis and Lawrence K. Wang 353 8. Treatment of Textile Wastes Thomas Bechtold, Eduard Burtscher, and Yung-Tse Hung 400 9. Treatment of Phosphate Industry Wastes Constantine Yapijakis and Lawrence K. Wang 441 10. Treatment of Pulp and Paper Mill Wastes Suresh Sumathi and Yung-Tse Hung 495 11. In-Plant Management and Disposal of Industrial Hazardous Substances Lawrence K. Wang 544 12. Application of Biotechnology for Industrial Waste Treatment Joo-Hwa Tay, Stephen Tiong-Lee Tay, Volodymyr Ivanov, and Yung-Tse Hung 624 13. Treatment of Dairy Processing Wastewaters Trevor J. Britz, Carn? van Schalkwyk, and Yung-Tse Hung 661 14. Seafood Processing Wastewater Treatment Joo-Hwa Tay, Kuan-Yeow Show, and Yung-Tse Hung 694 15. Treatment of Meat Wastes Charles J. Banks and Zhengjian Wang 738 16. Treatment of Palm Oil Wastewaters Mohd Ali Hassan, Shahrakbah Yacob, Yoshihito Shirai, and Yung-Tse Hung 776 17. Olive Oil Waste Treatment Adel Awad, Hana Salman, and Yung-Tse Hung 798 18. Potato Wastewater Treatment Yung-Tse Hung, Howard H. Lo, Adel Awad, and Hana Salman 882 19. Stormwater Management and Treatment Constantine Yapijakis, Robert Leo Trotta, Chein-Chi Chang, and Lawrence K. Wang 940 20. Site Remediation and Groundwater Decontamination Lawrence K. Wang 998 21. Pollution Prevention J.Paul Chen, Thomas T. Shen, Yung-Tse Hung, and Lawrence K. Wang 1053 22. Treatment of Pesticide Industry Wastes Joseph M. Wong 1091 23. Livestock Waste Treatment J.Paul Chen, Shuaiwen Zou, Yung-Tse Hung, and Lawrence K. Wang 1142 24. Soft Drink Waste Treatment J.Paul Chen, Swee-Song Seng, and Yung-Tse Hung 1171 25. Bakery Waste Treatment J.Paul Chen, Lei Yang, Renbi Bai, and Yung-Tse Hung 1189 26. Explosive Waste Treatment J.Paul Chen, Shuaiwen Zou, Simo Olavi Pehkonen, Yung-Tse Hung, and Lawrence K. Wang 1209 27. Food Waste Treatment Masao Ukita, Tsuyoshi Imai, and Yung-Tse Hung 1223 28. Treatment of Landfill Leachate Michal Bodzek, Joanna Surmacz-Gorska, and Yung-Tse Hung 1257 29. On-Site Monitoring and Analysis of Industrial Pollutants Jerry R. Taricska, Yung-Tse Hung, and Kathleen Hung Li 1321 30. Treatment of Rubber Industry Wastes Jerry R. Taricska, Lawrence K. Wang, Yung-Tse Hung, Joo-Hwa Tay, and Kathleen Hung Li 1348 31. Treatment of Timber Industry Wastes Lawrence K. 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